Now the allotment
The term "allotment" refers to the division of the Promised Land among the tribes of Israel. In Hebrew, the word used is "goral," which can mean a portion or inheritance. This concept is deeply rooted in the idea of divine providence, where God Himself determines the inheritance of His people. The allotment signifies God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, ensuring that each tribe receives its rightful inheritance.

for the descendants of Joseph
Joseph, one of Jacob's twelve sons, is a significant figure in Israel's history. His descendants, through his sons Ephraim and Manasseh, receive a double portion of the inheritance, reflecting Joseph's favored status. This double portion is a testament to Joseph's faithfulness and God's blessing upon him, as seen in Genesis 48:5, where Jacob adopts Ephraim and Manasseh as his own sons. The legacy of Joseph is a reminder of God's ability to turn adversity into blessing, as Joseph's journey from slavery to rulership in Egypt illustrates.

extended from the Jordan, by Jericho
The Jordan River is a critical geographical marker in the Bible, symbolizing transition and new beginnings. Crossing the Jordan represents entering into the promises of God. Jericho, known as the "City of Palms," is the first city conquered by the Israelites in the Promised Land, signifying the start of their inheritance. The mention of these locations underscores the historical and spiritual journey of the Israelites as they move from wandering in the wilderness to claiming their God-given inheritance.

east of the waters of Jericho
This phrase highlights the specific geographical boundaries of the land allotted to Joseph's descendants. The "waters of Jericho" likely refer to the abundant springs in the area, which made Jericho a fertile and desirable location. The eastward boundary signifies the beginning of the territory, emphasizing the precision and care with which God delineates the inheritance for each tribe. It reflects God's order and intentionality in providing for His people.

through the wilderness
The wilderness represents a place of testing and reliance on God. For the Israelites, it was a period of purification and preparation before entering the Promised Land. The journey through the wilderness is symbolic of the Christian life, where believers are often led through trials to develop faith and dependence on God. It serves as a reminder that God's guidance is present even in desolate places, leading His people toward their ultimate inheritance.

and into the hill country of Bethel
Bethel, meaning "House of God," is a significant spiritual site in Israel's history. It is where Jacob had his vision of the ladder reaching to heaven (Genesis 28:10-19), marking it as a place of divine encounter and promise. The hill country of Bethel represents a high place, both physically and spiritually, where the presence of God is experienced. This destination signifies the culmination of the journey, where the promises of God are realized, and His presence is intimately known.

It proceeded to Bethel
The phrase "It proceeded to Bethel" indicates the movement of the boundary line of the land allotted to the tribe of Joseph, specifically Ephraim. "Bethel," meaning "House of God" in Hebrew, holds significant historical and spiritual importance. It was a place where Abraham and Jacob had profound encounters with God (Genesis 12:8, 28:19). The mention of Bethel here underscores the continuity of God's promises and the sacredness of the land being inherited. This phrase reminds us of the faithfulness of God in fulfilling His promises to His people, as Bethel was a place of divine revelation and covenant.

went on to Luz
"Luz" is the ancient name of the city that was later called Bethel. The transition from Luz to Bethel signifies transformation and divine purpose. Luz was a Canaanite city, and its renaming to Bethel by Jacob (Genesis 28:19) marks a shift from a pagan past to a future under God's covenant. This transformation is symbolic of the spiritual journey from old to new, from worldly to divine, and from human plans to God's purposes. It serves as a reminder of the transformative power of God's presence in our lives.

and crossed to the border of the Archites at Ataroth
The phrase "and crossed to the border of the Archites at Ataroth" describes the geographical demarcation of the land. The "Archites" were a clan or family group, and "Ataroth" means "crowns" or "wreaths" in Hebrew, suggesting a place of significance or prominence. This crossing over to the border signifies the establishment of boundaries and the fulfillment of God's promise to give the Israelites a land of their own. It highlights the importance of order, structure, and divine allocation in the inheritance of the Promised Land. The mention of specific locations and people groups emphasizes the historical reality of the biblical narrative and God's sovereign orchestration of history.

Then it descended westward
This phrase indicates a geographical movement, suggesting a transition from a higher elevation to a lower one. The westward direction is significant in biblical narratives, often symbolizing movement towards the setting sun, which can represent the end of a journey or the fulfillment of a promise. In the context of the Israelites, this westward descent signifies the continuation of their divinely ordained conquest and settlement of the Promised Land. The Hebrew root for "descended" (יָרַד, yarad) often implies a purposeful movement, underscoring God's guidance in the allocation of the land.

to the border of the Japhletites
The Japhletites are mentioned here as a distinct group or clan within the region. While not much is known about them, their inclusion in the text highlights the detailed nature of the territorial boundaries being described. This specificity underscores the historical and legal aspects of land distribution among the tribes of Israel. The mention of borders reflects the importance of order and structure in the establishment of the Israelite nation, as ordained by God.

as far as the border of Lower Beth-horon
Lower Beth-horon, along with Upper Beth-horon, was a strategically significant location due to its position on a major route connecting the coastal plain with the interior highlands. The name "Beth-horon" means "house of the hollow" or "house of freedom," which may symbolize a place of refuge or strategic advantage. Historically, this area was the site of several important battles, emphasizing its military and economic significance. The delineation of this border signifies the importance of securing key locations for the stability and prosperity of the Israelite tribes.

and on to Gezer
Gezer was an ancient Canaanite city that held significant strategic and economic importance due to its location on the Via Maris, a major trade route. Archaeological excavations have uncovered evidence of its fortifications and occupation by various peoples over time. The inclusion of Gezer in the territorial description highlights the Israelites' acquisition of key urban centers, which were essential for controlling trade and ensuring the security of the region. This reflects God's provision for His people, granting them access to resources and influence.

ending at the sea
The "sea" referred to here is likely the Mediterranean Sea, which formed the western boundary of the Promised Land. The sea represents both a natural boundary and a source of sustenance and trade. In biblical symbolism, the sea can also represent chaos and the unknown, yet here it marks the completion of the territorial allotment. This phrase signifies the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham regarding the extent of the land his descendants would inherit. It serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness and the realization of His covenant with Israel.

So the descendants of Joseph
The phrase "descendants of Joseph" refers to the two tribes that emerged from Joseph, one of the twelve sons of Jacob. Joseph's account is one of redemption and providence, as he rose from slavery to become a powerful leader in Egypt. His descendants, Manasseh and Ephraim, are often seen as a continuation of God's promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The Hebrew root for "descendants" (בְּנֵי, b'nei) emphasizes the continuation of a family line, highlighting the importance of legacy and divine promise in the biblical narrative.

Manasseh and Ephraim
Manasseh and Ephraim were the two sons of Joseph, born to him in Egypt. Their names carry significant meanings: Manasseh means "causing to forget," reflecting Joseph's journey from hardship to blessing, while Ephraim means "fruitful," symbolizing prosperity and growth. These names are prophetic, as both tribes would play crucial roles in the history of Israel. The division of the land among these tribes fulfills Jacob's blessing in Genesis 48, where he adopts them as his own sons, granting them equal status with his other sons.

received their inheritance
The concept of "inheritance" (נַחֲלָה, nachalah) in the Hebrew context is deeply tied to the covenantal promises of God. It signifies not just a physical possession of land but also a spiritual heritage and a fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs. The land was a tangible sign of God's faithfulness and a place where the tribes could establish their identity and live out their calling as God's chosen people. This inheritance was not earned but given by divine decree, reminding believers of the grace and sovereignty of God in their lives.

This was the territory of the descendants of Ephraim by their clans
The phrase "descendants of Ephraim" refers to the tribe of Ephraim, one of the twelve tribes of Israel, named after Joseph's second son, Ephraim. In Hebrew, "Ephraim" means "fruitful," reflecting the blessing Jacob gave to Joseph's sons in Genesis 48:19, where Ephraim was prophesied to become a multitude of nations. The mention of "by their clans" indicates the division of land among the various family groups within the tribe, emphasizing the importance of family and heritage in Israelite society. This allocation of land fulfilled God's promise to Abraham regarding the inheritance of the Promised Land by his descendants.

The border of their inheritance
The "border" signifies the defined limits of the land allotted to the tribe of Ephraim. In ancient times, borders were crucial for establishing identity, security, and governance. The "inheritance" is a key biblical concept, representing not just physical land but also the spiritual legacy and covenantal promises given by God to His people. This inheritance was a tangible sign of God's faithfulness and provision.

went from Ataroth-addar in the east
"Ataroth-addar" is a location that marks the eastern boundary of Ephraim's territory. The name "Ataroth" means "crowns" in Hebrew, possibly indicating a place of significance or elevation. The addition of "addar" could mean "glorious" or "splendid," suggesting a place of beauty or importance. This geographical marker helps us understand the specific area that Ephraim occupied, which was central to the land of Canaan, highlighting the tribe's strategic and fertile location.

to Upper Beth-horon
"Upper Beth-horon" refers to one of two towns named Beth-horon, with "Upper" distinguishing it from "Lower Beth-horon." The name "Beth-horon" means "house of the hollow" or "house of freedom," and these towns were located on a significant route between the coastal plain and the hill country of Judah. Historically, Beth-horon was a site of military importance, as seen in battles such as Joshua's victory over the Amorites (Joshua 10:10-11). The mention of this location underscores the strategic and protective nature of Ephraim's inheritance, as well as God's providence in placing His people in areas where they could thrive and defend themselves.

Then the border went out westward to the sea
This phrase marks the delineation of the land allotted to the tribe of Ephraim, one of the sons of Joseph. The "border" signifies the territorial boundaries that were divinely ordained for the tribes of Israel. The direction "westward to the sea" indicates the Mediterranean Sea, which was a significant geographical landmark. In the Hebrew context, the sea often symbolizes vastness and the unknown, yet here it represents the fulfillment of God's promise to give His people a land stretching to the sea. This westward expansion signifies the blessing and abundance that God intended for His people.

and turned toward the north to the border of Michmethath
The turning "toward the north" suggests a change in direction, indicating the precision with which the land was divided. "Michmethath" is a location whose exact site is uncertain today, but it is believed to be near Shechem, a city of great historical and spiritual significance. Shechem was a place where God appeared to Abraham and where Joshua would later renew the covenant. The mention of Michmethath underscores the continuity of God's promises from the patriarchs to the present generation of Israelites.

then continued on eastward to Taanath-shiloh
The movement "eastward" reflects the comprehensive nature of the land distribution. "Taanath-shiloh" is a location that, while not prominent in other biblical narratives, is part of the detailed description of the land. The name "Shiloh" itself is significant, as it was the site of the tabernacle and a center of worship for Israel. This connection to Shiloh highlights the spiritual heritage and the centrality of worship in the life of the Israelites.

and passed by it on the east of Janoah
The phrase "passed by it" suggests a journey or progression, indicating that the boundary line was not static but dynamic, encompassing various terrains and landmarks. "Janoah" is another location whose precise identification is lost to history, yet its inclusion in the text emphasizes the thoroughness of the land division. Each place mentioned, whether well-known or obscure, is part of the divine allotment, reminding us that every detail in God's plan is significant and purposeful.

From Janoah
The name "Janoah" is derived from the Hebrew root "yānōaḥ," meaning "rest" or "quiet." This suggests a place of tranquility or settlement. Historically, Janoah was a town in the territory of Ephraim, indicating a place of significance for the tribe. The mention of Janoah in this context highlights the starting point of the boundary, emphasizing the importance of rest and settlement in the inheritance of the Promised Land.

it went down
The phrase "it went down" indicates a descent in elevation, which is common in the geographical descriptions of the land of Israel. This descent can symbolize a journey or transition, reflecting the movement of the Israelites as they established their inheritance. It also suggests a physical and spiritual journey, as the people of God move from one stage of their divine promise to another.

to Ataroth
"Ataroth" means "crowns" in Hebrew, derived from "atarah." This name may signify a place of honor or authority. Ataroth was a town on the border of Ephraim and Manasseh, indicating a place of distinction. The mention of Ataroth in the boundary description underscores the idea of divine authority and the crowning of God's people with their promised inheritance.

and Naarah
"Naarah" means "maiden" or "young girl" in Hebrew, derived from "na'arah." This name may symbolize purity, new beginnings, or potential. The inclusion of Naarah in the boundary description could represent the fresh start and new life that the Israelites were to experience in the Promised Land. It serves as a reminder of the purity and dedication required to maintain their covenant with God.

and then touched Jericho
The phrase "and then touched Jericho" indicates the boundary's proximity to Jericho, a city with significant biblical history. Jericho was the first city conquered by the Israelites in the Promised Land, symbolizing God's power and faithfulness. The mention of Jericho in this context serves as a reminder of past victories and the ongoing presence of God in the lives of His people.

and came out at the Jordan
The Jordan River is a significant geographical and spiritual landmark in the Bible. "Came out at the Jordan" signifies the boundary's endpoint, marking the transition from wilderness to the Promised Land. The Jordan River represents a crossing over, a passage from old to new, and a place of renewal and baptism. This phrase highlights the fulfillment of God's promises and the new life awaiting the Israelites in their inheritance.

From Tappuah
The name "Tappuah" means "apple" in Hebrew, symbolizing fruitfulness and abundance. In the context of the Promised Land, Tappuah represents a place of provision and blessing. Historically, Tappuah was a city on the border of Ephraim and Manasseh, indicating its strategic importance. The mention of Tappuah here underscores the fulfillment of God's promise to give the Israelites a land flowing with milk and honey, a land of prosperity and divine favor.

the border proceeded westward
The phrase "proceeded westward" indicates a movement towards the Mediterranean Sea, which was the western boundary of the Promised Land. This westward movement signifies expansion and the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham regarding the vastness of the land his descendants would inherit. The direction westward also symbolizes moving towards the setting sun, a metaphor for the completion and fulfillment of God's covenant promises.

to the Brook of Kanah
The "Brook of Kanah" served as a natural boundary between the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh. The Hebrew word "Kanah" means "reed," suggesting a place with abundant water and vegetation. This brook was significant in delineating tribal territories, emphasizing the importance of clear boundaries in maintaining order and peace among the tribes. The presence of water also symbolizes life, sustenance, and the ongoing provision of God for His people.

and ended at the sea
The phrase "ended at the sea" refers to the Mediterranean Sea, which was the ultimate western boundary of the land allotted to the tribe of Ephraim. The sea represents vastness, mystery, and the unknown, but also the limit of the land God had promised. It serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty over all creation, including the boundaries He sets for His people. The sea's presence in the inheritance signifies the completeness and sufficiency of God's provision.

This was the inheritance of the tribe of the Ephraimites
The "inheritance of the tribe of the Ephraimites" highlights the fulfillment of God's promise to Joseph, whose son Ephraim was blessed by Jacob. Ephraim, meaning "fruitful," was destined to become a significant tribe in Israel. This inheritance is a testament to God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to the patriarchs and their descendants. It also underscores the importance of each tribe's unique role and contribution to the nation of Israel.

according to their clans
The phrase "according to their clans" emphasizes the orderly distribution of the land among the families within the tribe of Ephraim. This distribution ensured that each family had a stake in the Promised Land, fostering a sense of community and responsibility. It reflects the biblical principle of stewardship, where each family is entrusted with a portion of God's blessing to manage and cultivate. This orderly division also highlights the importance of family and community in God's plan for His people.

Additionally
This word indicates a continuation or an addition to what has been previously mentioned. In the context of Joshua 16, it suggests that the allocation of land to the tribe of Ephraim is not limited to their primary inheritance but includes extra provisions. This reflects God's abundant provision and the importance of ensuring that each tribe had sufficient resources to thrive.

some cities
The phrase "some cities" refers to specific urban areas that were designated for the tribe of Ephraim. In ancient Israel, cities were centers of administration, commerce, and culture. The allocation of cities to Ephraim within Manasseh's territory highlights the interconnectedness and cooperation between the tribes, as well as the strategic importance of these locations for defense and governance.

were set apart
The act of setting apart these cities signifies a deliberate and purposeful action. In Hebrew, the concept of setting apart often carries a connotation of holiness or dedication. This allocation underscores the divine orchestration in the distribution of the land, ensuring that each tribe received what was necessary for their unique role in the nation of Israel.

for the sons of Ephraim
Ephraim was one of the two sons of Joseph, and the tribe of Ephraim held a prominent position among the tribes of Israel. The mention of "the sons of Ephraim" emphasizes the continuation of Joseph's legacy and the fulfillment of Jacob's blessing over Ephraim, as recorded in Genesis 48. This allocation is a testament to God's faithfulness to His promises and the enduring significance of Ephraim in Israel's history.

within the inheritance of Manasseh
Manasseh, the other son of Joseph, received a substantial inheritance on both sides of the Jordan River. The fact that Ephraim's cities were located within Manasseh's territory illustrates the close relationship between these two tribes. It also reflects the broader theme of unity and cooperation among the tribes, as they shared resources and responsibilities in the Promised Land.

all these cities with their villages
The inclusion of "villages" alongside "cities" indicates the comprehensive nature of the inheritance. Villages were essential for agricultural production and supported the urban centers. This phrase highlights the completeness of God's provision, ensuring that the tribe of Ephraim had both urban and rural resources to sustain their community and fulfill their role in the nation.

But they did not dislodge
The Hebrew root for "dislodge" is "yarash," which means to take possession or inherit. This word implies a failure to fully claim what God had promised. Historically, this reflects a recurring theme in Israel's conquest narratives where incomplete obedience leads to future complications. The Israelites' inability to fully remove the Canaanites from the land foreshadows the spiritual and cultural challenges they would face due to their incomplete obedience.

the Canaanites
The Canaanites were the original inhabitants of the land of Canaan, known for their idolatrous practices and polytheistic religion. From a historical perspective, the Canaanites were a significant cultural and military presence in the region. Their continued presence among the Israelites represents a spiritual compromise and a failure to fully separate from pagan influences, which would later lead to Israel's spiritual decline.

living in Gezer
Gezer was a significant Canaanite city-state located in the Shephelah region of ancient Israel. Archaeological excavations have uncovered evidence of its strategic importance, including fortifications and inscriptions. The mention of Gezer highlights the Israelites' struggle to control key locations within the Promised Land, emphasizing the ongoing tension between God's promises and human action.

to this day
This phrase indicates the persistence of the situation at the time the text was written. It serves as a reminder of the long-term consequences of Israel's incomplete obedience. The phrase underscores the enduring nature of the Israelites' failure to fully claim God's promises, serving as a cautionary tale for future generations about the importance of complete faithfulness to God's commands.

the Canaanites live among the Ephraimites
The tribe of Ephraim was one of the leading tribes of Israel, descended from Joseph. The coexistence of the Canaanites and Ephraimites suggests a blending of cultures and influences that could lead to spiritual compromise. This situation reflects the broader biblical theme of the dangers of syncretism and the need for God's people to remain distinct and holy.

but are forced to serve as laborers
The Canaanites being forced to serve as laborers indicates a subjugation rather than a complete removal. This arrangement may have seemed practical, but it was a deviation from God's command to fully drive out the inhabitants of the land. Spiritually, this compromise represents a failure to fully trust in God's provision and plan, leading to a reliance on human wisdom and strength.