Hosea 7:4
They are all adulterers, like an oven heated by a baker who needs not stoke the fire from the kneading to the rising of the dough.
They are all adulterers
This phrase highlights the pervasive unfaithfulness among the people of Israel. In the biblical context, adultery often symbolizes spiritual unfaithfulness to God, as seen in Jeremiah 3:8-9 and Ezekiel 16:32. The Israelites were engaging in idolatry, which is considered spiritual adultery. This reflects the covenant relationship between God and Israel, akin to a marriage, where Israel's worship of other gods is seen as infidelity.

like an oven heated by a baker
The imagery of an oven suggests intense, uncontrolled passion and sin. In ancient times, ovens were essential for daily life, and a baker's skill was crucial for maintaining the right temperature. This metaphor indicates that the people's sinful desires are burning intensely, much like an oven that is ready for baking. The comparison to a baker suggests a deliberate and skilled preparation for sin, indicating premeditated wrongdoing.

who needs not stoke the fire
This part of the verse implies that the sinful passions of the people are self-sustaining. Just as a well-heated oven does not require constant attention to maintain its heat, the people's sinful nature is so ingrained that it continues without external provocation. This reflects the depth of their moral decay and the habitual nature of their sin, as seen in Romans 1:28-32, where Paul describes a society given over to a depraved mind.

from the kneading to the rising of the dough
This phrase indicates a period of time, suggesting that the people's sinful desires are constant and enduring. The process from kneading to rising involves waiting and preparation, symbolizing how the people's hearts are continually set on sin. This can be connected to James 1:14-15, where desire, when fully grown, gives birth to sin. The imagery of bread-making, a daily and essential task, underscores the normalcy and acceptance of sin in their lives.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Hosea
A prophet in the Northern Kingdom of Israel, called by God to deliver messages of judgment and hope to the Israelites.

2. Israel
The Northern Kingdom, often referred to in Hosea as Ephraim, which had turned away from God and was engaging in idolatry and immorality.

3. Adulterers
Symbolically refers to the Israelites who were unfaithful to God by worshiping other gods and engaging in sinful practices.

4. Baker
Represents those who are responsible for maintaining spiritual fervor but have neglected their duties, allowing sin to grow unchecked.

5. Oven
Symbolizes the unchecked passion and sinfulness of the people, which is likened to a fire that is not stirred and thus grows out of control.
Teaching Points
Spiritual Unfaithfulness
Just as Israel was unfaithful to God, Christians today must guard against spiritual adultery by remaining devoted to Christ and avoiding idolatry in any form.

Unchecked Sin
Like the oven that is not stirred, sin can grow and consume us if we do not actively resist and repent. Regular self-examination and confession are crucial.

Role of Spiritual Leaders
The baker's negligence serves as a warning to spiritual leaders to diligently tend to their flocks, ensuring that they are spiritually nourished and protected from sin.

Influence of Sin
Sin, like leaven, can spread quickly and affect the whole community. Believers must be vigilant in addressing sin both personally and corporately.

God's Call to Repentance
Despite Israel's unfaithfulness, God's desire is for His people to return to Him. This call to repentance is still relevant for believers today.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the metaphor of adultery in Hosea 7:4 help us understand the seriousness of spiritual unfaithfulness?

2. In what ways can unchecked sin be like an oven that is not stirred? How can we prevent this in our own lives?

3. What responsibilities do spiritual leaders have in preventing the spread of sin within a community, as illustrated by the baker in Hosea 7:4?

4. How can the concept of leaven in the New Testament help us understand the impact of sin in our lives and communities?

5. Reflect on a time when you experienced God's call to repentance. How did you respond, and what changes did it bring about in your life?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Jeremiah 9:2
This verse also speaks of the unfaithfulness of God's people, using the metaphor of adultery to describe their spiritual infidelity.

Matthew 16:6
Jesus warns about the "leaven" of the Pharisees and Sadducees, which can be connected to the idea of sin spreading like leaven in dough.

James 1:14-15
Describes how desire, when it has conceived, gives birth to sin, and sin, when it is full-grown, brings forth death, paralleling the unchecked growth of sin in Hosea 7:4.
Sins of Court and CountryC. Jerdan Hosea 7:1-7
The Oven and the BakerJ. Orr Hosea 7:3-7
People
Hosea
Places
Assyria, Egypt, Samaria
Topics
Adulterers, Adultery, Baker, Bread-maker, Burning, Ceases, Ceaseth, Dough, Fire, Heated, Kneaded, Kneading, Leavened, Leavening, Mixed, Oven, Paste, Practise, Raising, Rises, Stir, Stirring, Stops, Till, Untrue
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Hosea 7:4

     4432   dough
     5222   baking
     5435   ovens
     8705   apostasy, in OT

Hosea 7:3-5

     4544   wine

Library
October 6. "Ephraim, He Hath Mixed Himself" (Hos. vii. 8).
"Ephraim, he hath mixed himself" (Hos. vii. 8). It is a great thing to learn to take God first, and then He can afford to give us everything else, without the fear of its hurting us. As long as you want anything very much, especially more than you want God, it is an idol. But when you become satisfied with God, everything else so loses its charm that He can give it to you without harm, and then you can take just as much as you choose, and use it for His glory. There is no harm whatever in having
Rev. A. B. Simpson—Days of Heaven Upon Earth

Inconsideration Deplored. Rev. Joshua Priestley.
"And they consider not in their hearts that I remember all their wickedness."--HOSEA vii. 2. Is it possible for any man to conceive of truths more fitted to arrest the attention and impress the heart than are those contained in this volume? It has been said that if a blank book had been put into our hands, and every one of us had been asked to put into it the promises we should like to find there, we could not have employed language so explicit, so expressive, and so suited to all our varied wants,
Knowles King—The Wesleyan Methodist Pulpit in Malvern

Prayer to the Most High
"Lord, teach us to pray."--Luke xi. 1. "They return, but not to the Most High."--Hos. vii. 16. THE Most High. The High and Lofty One, That inhabiteth eternity, whose Name is Holy. The King Eternal, Immortal, Invisible, the Only Wise God. The Blessed and Only Potentate, the King of kings, and Lord of lords: Who only hath immortality, dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto: Whom no man hath seen, nor can see. Great and marvellous are Thy works, Lord God Almighty: just and true are Thy
Alexander Whyte—Lord Teach Us To Pray

On the Animals
The birds are the saints, because they fly to the higher heart; in the gospel: and he made great branches that the birds of the air might live in their shade. [Mark 4:32] Flying is the death of the saints in God or the knowledge of the Scriptures; in the psalm: I shall fly and I shall be at rest. [Ps. 54(55):7 Vulgate] The wings are the two testaments; in Ezekiel: your body will fly with two wings of its own. [Ez. 1:23] The feathers are the Scriptures; in the psalm: the wings of the silver dove.
St. Eucherius of Lyons—The Formulae of St. Eucherius of Lyons

Book vii. On the Useful or the Ordinary
The bread is Christ or conversation of the Lord; in the gospel: I am the living bread. [John 6:41] The wine is the same as above; in Solomon: and drink this wine, which I have blended for you. [Prov. 9:5] Olive oil is mercy or the Holy Spirit; in the psalm: I have anointed him with my holy oil. The same in another part: Let not the oil of the sinner, that is, admiration, touch my head. [Ps. 88(89):21(20); Ps. 140(141):5] Pork is sin; in the psalm: they are sated with pork. [Ps. 16(17):14 (unknown
St. Eucherius of Lyons—The Formulae of St. Eucherius of Lyons

I Will Pray with the Spirit and with the Understanding Also-
OR, A DISCOURSE TOUCHING PRAYER; WHEREIN IS BRIEFLY DISCOVERED, 1. WHAT PRAYER IS. 2. WHAT IT IS TO PRAY WITH THE SPIRIT. 3. WHAT IT IS TO PRAY WITH THE SPIRIT AND WITH THE UNDERSTANDING ALSO. WRITTEN IN PRISON, 1662. PUBLISHED, 1663. "For we know not what we should pray for as we ought:--the Spirit--helpeth our infirmities" (Rom 8:26). ADVERTISEMENT BY THE EDITOR. There is no subject of more solemn importance to human happiness than prayer. It is the only medium of intercourse with heaven. "It is
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

The Seventh Commandment
Thou shalt not commit adultery.' Exod 20: 14. God is a pure, holy spirit, and has an infinite antipathy against all uncleanness. In this commandment he has entered his caution against it; non moechaberis, Thou shalt not commit adultery.' The sum of this commandment is, The preservations of corporal purity. We must take heed of running on the rock of uncleanness, and so making shipwreck of our chastity. In this commandment there is something tacitly implied, and something expressly forbidden. 1. The
Thomas Watson—The Ten Commandments

Hosea
The book of Hosea divides naturally into two parts: i.-iii. and iv.-xiv., the former relatively clear and connected, the latter unusually disjointed and obscure. The difference is so unmistakable that i.-iii. have usually been assigned to the period before the death of Jeroboam II, and iv.-xiv. to the anarchic period which succeeded. Certainly Hosea's prophetic career began before the end of Jeroboam's reign, as he predicts the fall of the reigning dynasty, i. 4, which practically ended with Jeroboam's
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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