Genesis 38:4

Again she conceived and gave birth to a son, and she named him Onan.

Study Bible

Again she conceived and gave birth to a son
This phrase indicates the continuation of Judah's lineage through his Canaanite wife, Shua's daughter. The repetition of conception and birth highlights the importance of offspring in biblical narratives, especially in the context of the Abrahamic covenant, where descendants are a sign of God's blessing. The birth of multiple sons to Judah is significant for the unfolding of Israel's history, as Judah's line eventually leads to King David and, ultimately, to Jesus Christ, fulfilling messianic prophecies.

and she named him Onan
The act of naming by the mother suggests her role and influence in the family, which is notable in a patriarchal society. Onan's name is significant in the narrative of Genesis 38, as he becomes a central figure in the story of levirate marriage and its obligations. Onan's actions later in the chapter have theological implications, as they reflect disobedience to God's commands and the importance of preserving family lineage. This narrative also foreshadows the concept of redemption and the importance of fulfilling one's duty, themes that are later fulfilled in the person of Jesus Christ, who redeems humanity through His obedience and sacrifice.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Tamar
The wife of Judah's son Er, who later becomes the mother of Onan's brother.

2. Judah
One of the twelve sons of Jacob, who is the father of Er, Onan, and Shelah.

3. Onan
The second son of Judah and Shua's daughter, who plays a significant role in the events that follow.

4. Shua's Daughter
The unnamed wife of Judah, who is the mother of Er, Onan, and Shelah.

5. Canaan
The region where these events take place, significant in the broader account of the Israelites.

Teaching Points

Understanding Family Duty
The account of Onan highlights the importance of family responsibilities and the cultural expectations of the time. In today's context, it encourages us to consider our obligations to family and community.

Consequences of Disobedience
Onan's actions later in the chapter demonstrate the consequences of failing to fulfill one's duties. This serves as a reminder of the importance of obedience to God's commands.

God's Sovereignty in Lineage
Despite human failings, God's plan for the lineage of Judah continues, ultimately leading to the birth of Jesus. This teaches us about God's sovereignty and faithfulness in fulfilling His promises.

Moral Integrity
The account invites reflection on personal integrity and the importance of aligning actions with God's will, even when cultural norms may differ.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the cultural practice of Levirate marriage in Genesis 38:4 relate to the responsibilities we have towards our family today?

2. What can we learn from the consequences faced by Onan about the importance of fulfilling our duties?

3. How does the inclusion of Tamar and her descendants in the genealogy of Jesus (Matthew 1:3) demonstrate God's redemptive plan?

4. In what ways does the account of Judah and his sons challenge us to consider our own moral integrity and obedience to God?

5. How can we see God's sovereignty at work in the events of Genesis 38, and how does this encourage us in our personal faith journey?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 25:5-10
This passage outlines the Levirate marriage law, which is relevant to the account of Onan and his duty to his brother's widow, Tamar.

Matthew 1:3
This genealogy of Jesus includes Perez, the son of Tamar and Judah, highlighting the significance of this family line.

1 Chronicles 2:3-4
Chronicles the lineage of Judah, including his sons Er, Onan, and Shelah, providing a broader context for their family history.