Exodus 39:11

the second row had a turquoise, a sapphire, and a diamond;

Study Bible

the second row
This phrase refers to the arrangement of stones on the breastpiece of judgment worn by the High Priest. The breastpiece contained twelve stones, each representing one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The second row indicates the order in which the stones were set, emphasizing the meticulous design and divine instruction given to Moses on Mount Sinai (Exodus 28:15-21).

had a turquoise
Turquoise, known for its blue-green color, is often associated with the tribe of Simeon. In ancient times, turquoise was valued for its beauty and was used in jewelry and ornamentation. The stone's presence in the breastpiece signifies the inclusion and representation of Simeon among the tribes of Israel. Turquoise was mined in the Sinai Peninsula, indicating the Israelites' connection to the region.

a sapphire
Sapphire, typically blue, is linked to the tribe of Issachar. In biblical symbolism, sapphire represents divine favor and heavenly realms. The stone is mentioned in other scriptures, such as Ezekiel 1:26, where it describes the throne of God. The use of sapphire in the breastpiece underscores the divine authority and the heavenly mandate of the High Priest's role.

and a diamond
The diamond, known for its hardness and clarity, is associated with the tribe of Zebulun. In ancient times, the term "diamond" may have referred to a different stone, possibly a clear crystal or another hard gemstone. The diamond's inclusion in the breastpiece highlights the strength and enduring nature of God's covenant with Israel. The clarity of the diamond can also symbolize purity and righteousness, qualities expected of the High Priest as he intercedes for the people.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Israelites
The chosen people of God, who were given the task of constructing the Tabernacle and its furnishings according to God's specific instructions.

2. The Tabernacle
A portable earthly dwelling place of God among the Israelites, where the priestly garments, including the breastpiece, were used.

3. The Priests
Specifically, the High Priest, who wore the breastpiece as part of his sacred garments. The breastpiece contained twelve stones representing the twelve tribes of Israel.

4. The Breastpiece of Judgment
A sacred garment worn by the High Priest, adorned with twelve stones, each representing one of the tribes of Israel.

5. The Stones
The second row of stones on the breastpiece included a turquoise, a sapphire, and a diamond, each symbolizing one of the tribes of Israel.

Teaching Points

Symbolism of the Stones
Each stone on the breastpiece represents a tribe of Israel, signifying God's intimate knowledge and care for His people. This reminds us of our individual value and identity in Christ.

God's Detailed Instructions
The specific instructions for the breastpiece highlight God's attention to detail and His desire for order and beauty in worship. This encourages us to approach our worship and service with reverence and precision.

Unity and Diversity
The twelve stones, each unique yet part of a unified whole, reflect the diversity within the body of Christ. We are called to celebrate our differences while maintaining unity in purpose and mission.

Priestly Role of Believers
As the High Priest wore the breastpiece to represent the people before God, believers today are called to be a royal priesthood, interceding for others and representing Christ to the world.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the symbolism of the stones on the breastpiece enhance your understanding of your identity in Christ?

2. In what ways can you apply the principle of God's attention to detail in your own worship and service?

3. How can the concept of unity and diversity within the twelve tribes be applied to your local church community?

4. What does it mean for you to be part of a "royal priesthood," and how can you live out this calling in your daily life?

5. How do the connections between the breastpiece stones and the New Jerusalem in Revelation inspire hope and anticipation for the future?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 28:17-21
Provides the initial instructions for the making of the breastpiece, detailing the arrangement and significance of the stones.

Revelation 21:19-20
Describes the foundations of the New Jerusalem, which are adorned with precious stones, drawing a parallel to the stones on the breastpiece.

1 Peter 2:5
Speaks of believers as living stones being built into a spiritual house, connecting the symbolism of stones to the spiritual identity of God's people.