Exodus 39:12

the third row had a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst;

Study Bible

the third row
The phrase "the third row" refers to the arrangement of stones on the breastpiece of judgment worn by the High Priest. This breastpiece was a sacred garment, part of the priestly vestments, and was designed according to divine instructions given to Moses. The number three often symbolizes completeness or divine perfection in biblical numerology, suggesting that this row, like the others, was part of a complete and perfect design ordained by God.

had a jacinth
The "jacinth" is a precious stone, likely referring to a deep blue or purple gem, possibly the modern-day zircon. In Hebrew, the word used is "leshem," which is associated with the tribe of Gad. The color and brilliance of the jacinth may symbolize the heavenly realm and divine truth, reflecting the glory and majesty of God. Historically, jacinth was valued for its beauty and rarity, often used in royal and religious settings.

an agate
The "agate" is a banded stone, known for its variety of colors and patterns. The Hebrew term "shebo" is linked to the tribe of Asher. Agates were prized in ancient times for their supposed protective and healing properties. Spiritually, the agate's diverse colors can represent the multifaceted nature of God's creation and His providence, as well as the unity and diversity within the body of believers.

and an amethyst
The "amethyst" is a purple stone, associated with the Hebrew word "achlamah," linked to the tribe of Issachar. Amethyst has been historically valued for its beauty and was believed to have protective qualities. The purple color is often associated with royalty and priesthood, symbolizing the dignity and authority of the High Priest's role. In a broader spiritual sense, the amethyst can represent sobriety, wisdom, and spiritual insight, qualities essential for those who serve in God's presence.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Bezalel and Oholiab
Skilled craftsmen appointed by God to oversee the construction of the Tabernacle and its furnishings, including the priestly garments.

2. The Tabernacle
The portable dwelling place for the presence of God among the Israelites during their journey through the wilderness.

3. The High Priest's Breastplate
A sacred garment worn by the High Priest, featuring twelve stones representing the twelve tribes of Israel.

4. The Twelve Tribes of Israel
The descendants of the twelve sons of Jacob, each represented by a stone on the High Priest's breastplate.

5. The Wilderness Journey
The period during which the Israelites traveled from Egypt to the Promised Land, guided by God.

Teaching Points

Symbolism of the Stones
Each stone on the breastplate represents a tribe of Israel, signifying God's intimate knowledge and care for His people. This reminds us of our individual value and identity in Christ.

God's Order and Design
The specific arrangement of stones reflects God's order and intentionality. In our lives, we should seek to align with God's design and purpose.

The Role of the High Priest
The High Priest, bearing the names of the tribes on his heart, intercedes for the people. This foreshadows Christ, our ultimate High Priest, who intercedes for us before the Father.

Unity in Diversity
The variety of stones signifies the diversity within the body of Christ. Each believer has a unique role and contribution, yet all are united in Christ.

The Presence of God
The breastplate, part of the High Priest's garments, signifies the presence of God among His people. We are called to be aware of and responsive to God's presence in our daily lives.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the symbolism of the stones on the High Priest's breastplate enhance your understanding of your identity in Christ?

2. In what ways can you seek to align your life with God's order and design, as reflected in the detailed instructions for the Tabernacle?

3. How does the role of the High Priest in the Old Testament deepen your appreciation for Christ's intercession on your behalf?

4. Reflect on the diversity within your own church community. How can you contribute to unity while celebrating individual differences?

5. What practices can you incorporate into your daily routine to become more aware of God's presence in your life, similar to the Israelites' experience with the Tabernacle?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 28:17-21
Provides the initial instructions for the breastplate, detailing the arrangement and significance of the stones.

Revelation 21:19-20
Describes the foundation stones of the New Jerusalem, drawing a parallel to the stones on the High Priest's breastplate, symbolizing continuity and fulfillment in God's plan.

Numbers 2
Outlines the arrangement of the tribes around the Tabernacle, emphasizing the centrality of God's presence among His people.