2 Samuel 21:12
he went and took the bones of Saul and his son Jonathan from the men of Jabesh-gilead, who had stolen them from the public square of Beth-shan where the Philistines had hung the bodies after they had struck down Saul at Gilboa.
he went and took the bones of Saul and his son Jonathan
This action is initiated by David, who seeks to honor the memory of Saul and Jonathan. Saul, the first king of Israel, and Jonathan, his son and David's close friend, had fallen in battle against the Philistines. David's retrieval of their bones signifies respect and reconciliation, highlighting the importance of proper burial in ancient Israelite culture. It also reflects David's loyalty and the covenantal friendship he shared with Jonathan (1 Samuel 18:3).

from the men of Jabesh-gilead
The men of Jabesh-gilead had a history of loyalty to Saul. When Saul first became king, he rescued Jabesh-gilead from the Ammonites (1 Samuel 11). In gratitude, they later risked their lives to retrieve the bodies of Saul and his sons from the Philistines. This act of bravery and loyalty underscores the deep bonds of kinship and gratitude in Israelite society.

who had stolen them from the public square of Beth-shan
Beth-shan was a significant city in the region, strategically located at the junction of the Jezreel and Jordan Valleys. The Philistines displayed the bodies of Saul and his sons in Beth-shan as a public humiliation and a demonstration of their victory. The retrieval of the bodies by the men of Jabesh-gilead was a courageous act, defying the Philistines and restoring honor to Saul and his family.

where the Philistines had hung the bodies
The hanging of the bodies was a common practice in the ancient Near East to disgrace enemies and deter others. It was a public declaration of triumph over a defeated foe. This act by the Philistines was intended to demoralize the Israelites and assert Philistine dominance.

after they had struck down Saul at Gilboa
The battle at Mount Gilboa was a significant defeat for Israel, resulting in the death of Saul and his sons (1 Samuel 31). This event marked the end of Saul's reign and paved the way for David's ascension to the throne. The location, Gilboa, is a mountainous region, and its mention here serves as a geographical marker of this pivotal battle in Israel's history.

Persons / Places / Events
1. David
The King of Israel who sought to honor Saul and Jonathan by retrieving their bones for a proper burial.

2. Saul
The first King of Israel, whose death marked a significant transition in Israel's monarchy.

3. Jonathan
Saul's son and David's close friend, known for his loyalty and bravery.

4. Jabesh-gilead
A city in Israel whose men bravely retrieved the bodies of Saul and Jonathan from the Philistines.

5. Beth-shan
The location where the Philistines displayed the bodies of Saul and Jonathan after their defeat at Mount Gilboa.

6. Philistines
The enemies of Israel who defeated Saul and his sons, displaying their bodies as a sign of victory.
Teaching Points
Respect for the Dead
David's actions demonstrate the importance of honoring those who have passed, reflecting a deep respect for the deceased and their families.

Loyalty and Friendship
The relationship between David and Jonathan serves as a model of true friendship and loyalty, even beyond death.

Courage and Honor
The men of Jabesh-gilead exemplify bravery and honor by risking their lives to retrieve the bodies of Saul and Jonathan.

God's Sovereignty in Leadership Transitions
The transition from Saul to David as king illustrates God's hand in leadership changes and the fulfillment of His plans.

Reconciliation and Forgiveness
David's actions towards Saul's family show a heart of reconciliation and forgiveness, despite Saul's previous attempts on David's life.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does David's retrieval of Saul and Jonathan's bones reflect his character and leadership qualities?

2. In what ways can we show respect and honor to those who have passed away in our own lives?

3. How does the friendship between David and Jonathan inspire us to cultivate deeper relationships with others?

4. What can we learn from the men of Jabesh-gilead about courage and taking risks for what is right?

5. How does this passage encourage us to seek reconciliation and forgiveness in our relationships, even with those who may have wronged us?
Connections to Other Scriptures
1 Samuel 31
Provides the account of Saul and Jonathan's death and the initial retrieval of their bodies by the men of Jabesh-gilead.

1 Chronicles 10
Offers a parallel account of Saul's death and the actions of the men of Jabesh-gilead.

2 Samuel 1
Describes David's lament for Saul and Jonathan, highlighting his respect and love for them.

Genesis 50
Joseph's request to have his bones carried out of Egypt, showing the importance of proper burial in Hebrew culture.
Conscience AssertiveT. Guthrie.2 Samuel 21:1-14
FamineB. Dale 2 Samuel 21:1-14
Famine and WarC. Ness.2 Samuel 21:1-14
Famine in the Days of DavidG. T. Coster.2 Samuel 21:1-14
God's Delays in PunishingJ. Armstrong, D. D.2 Samuel 21:1-14
Punished Sin ExpiatedJ. Parker, D. D.2 Samuel 21:1-14
The Enquiry into SinR. W. Evans, B. D.2 Samuel 21:1-14
The Quickening of David's Conscience by Rizpah's ExampleC. Vince.2 Samuel 21:1-14
RizpahB. Dale 2 Samuel 21:8-14
A Mother Buries Remains of Her Executed SonsMemoir of Lord Tennyson.2 Samuel 21:10-14
Changes of FortuneT. De Wilt Talmage.2 Samuel 21:10-14
RizpahG. F. Cushman, D. D.2 Samuel 21:10-14
RizpahJ. W. Burgon, M. A.2 Samuel 21:10-14
Rizpah: Or, Relative SufferingF. Hastings.2 Samuel 21:10-14
Rizpah's Watch; Or, the Story of a Mother's LoveL. A. Banks, D. D.2 Samuel 21:10-14
Sins of Lathers Visited Upon ChildrenT. De Witt Talmage.2 Samuel 21:10-14
The Courage of Woman Amid Great EmergenciesT. De Witt Talmage.2 Samuel 21:10-14
People
Abishai, Adriel, Aiah, Amorites, Armoni, Barzillai, Benjamin, David, Elhanan, Gibeon, Gibeonites, Goliath, Ishbibenob, Israelites, Jaareoregim, Jabesh, Jair, Jonathan, Kish, Mephibosheth, Merab, Michal, Rapha, Rizpah, Saph, Saul, Shimea, Shimeah, Shimei, Sibbecai, Sibbechai, Zeruiah
Places
Beth-shan, Gath, Gibeah, Gilboa, Gob, Jabesh-gilead, Jerusalem, Zela
Topics
Beth, Bethshan, Beth-shan, Bodies, Bones, Broad, Citizens, David, Death, Gilboa, Gilbo'a, Gilead, Hanged, Hanging, Hung, Jabesh, Jabeshgilead, Jabesh-gilead, Ja'besh-gil'ead, Jonathan, Killed, Open, Philistines, Possessors, Public, Saul, Secretly, Shan, Slain, Slew, Smiting, Smitten, Square, Stolen, Street, Struck, Taketh
Dictionary of Bible Themes
2 Samuel 21:12

     5941   secrecy

2 Samuel 21:12-14

     5137   bones
     5241   burial
     9030   dead bodies
     9050   tombs

Library
Divers Matters.
I. Beth-cerem, Nehemiah 3:14. "The stones, as well of the altar, as of the ascent to the altar, were from the valley of Beth-cerem, which they digged out beneath the barren land. And thence they are wont to bring whole stones, upon which the working iron came not." The fathers of the traditions, treating concerning the blood of women's terms, reckon up five colours of it; among which that, "which is like the water of the earth, out of the valley of Beth-cerem."--Where the Gloss writes thus, "Beth-cerem
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

The Exile Continued.
"So David fled, and escaped and came to Samuel to Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done unto him. And he and Samuel went and dwelt in Naioth" (1 Sam. xix. 18)--or, as the word probably means, in the collection of students' dwellings, inhabited by the sons of the prophets, where possibly there may have been some kind of right of sanctuary. Driven thence by Saul's following him, and having had one last sorrowful hour of Jonathan's companionship--the last but one on earth--he fled to Nob, whither
Alexander Maclaren—The Life of David

Samuel
Alike from the literary and the historical point of view, the book[1] of Samuel stands midway between the book of Judges and the book of Kings. As we have already seen, the Deuteronomic book of Judges in all probability ran into Samuel and ended in ch. xii.; while the story of David, begun in Samuel, embraces the first two chapters of the first book of Kings. The book of Samuel is not very happily named, as much of it is devoted to Saul and the greater part to David; yet it is not altogether inappropriate,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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