1 Samuel 23:16

And Saul's son Jonathan came to David in Horesh and strengthened his hand in God,

Study Bible

And Saul’s son Jonathan
Jonathan, the son of King Saul, is a significant figure in the narrative of David's rise to kingship. Despite being the heir to the throne, Jonathan demonstrates remarkable loyalty and friendship to David, recognizing God's anointing on him. This relationship is a profound example of covenant friendship, reflecting the biblical theme of selfless love and loyalty. Jonathan's actions can be seen as a type of Christ, who also laid aside His rights for the sake of others.

came to David in Horesh
Horesh is located in the Wilderness of Ziph, a desolate area in the Judean wilderness. This setting underscores the danger and isolation David faced while fleeing from Saul. Jonathan's journey to Horesh highlights his courage and commitment to David, as he risks his own safety to support his friend. The wilderness often symbolizes a place of testing and preparation in the Bible, as seen in the lives of Moses and Jesus.

and strengthened his hand in God
This phrase indicates that Jonathan encouraged David spiritually, reminding him of God's promises and faithfulness. In times of distress, biblical figures often find strength in God's presence and promises, as seen in Psalms and the encouragement given by prophets. Jonathan's support is a reminder of the importance of godly friendships and community in sustaining faith. This act of strengthening is akin to the role of the Holy Spirit, who comforts and empowers believers.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jonathan
The son of King Saul, known for his deep friendship with David. Despite his father's animosity towards David, Jonathan remains loyal and supportive.

2. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel, who is currently fleeing from King Saul's attempts to kill him. David is in a period of trial and testing.

3. Horesh
A location in the wilderness of Ziph where David is hiding from Saul. It represents a place of refuge and testing for David.

4. Saul
The first king of Israel, who is pursuing David out of jealousy and fear of losing his throne.

5. Strengthened his hand in God
This phrase indicates Jonathan's encouragement to David, reminding him of God's promises and faithfulness. The Hebrew root for "strengthened" (chazaq) implies making firm or resolute.

Teaching Points

The Power of Godly Friendship
Jonathan's visit to David exemplifies the strength and support found in godly friendships. True friends encourage us in our faith and remind us of God's promises.

Encouragement in Times of Trial
Just as Jonathan strengthened David, we are called to support and uplift others during their times of difficulty, pointing them back to God's faithfulness.

Faithfulness Despite Adversity
Jonathan's loyalty to David, despite his father's opposition, teaches us about remaining faithful to God's purposes and our commitments, even when it is challenging.

Trust in God's Promises
Jonathan's encouragement was rooted in God's promises to David. We should anchor our encouragement to others in the truth of God's Word.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jonathan's action in 1 Samuel 23:16 demonstrate the characteristics of a godly friend?

2. In what ways can we "strengthen the hand" of our friends in God today, especially during their trials?

3. Reflect on a time when a friend encouraged you in your faith. How did that impact your relationship with God?

4. How can we remain faithful to God's purposes in our lives, even when faced with opposition or adversity?

5. What other biblical examples of friendship can you think of that mirror the relationship between Jonathan and David? How do these examples inspire you in your own relationships?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18:1-4
This passage describes the covenant of friendship between Jonathan and David, highlighting the depth of their bond.

Proverbs 27:17
This verse speaks to the importance of friendship and mutual encouragement, similar to Jonathan's role in David's life.

Hebrews 10:24-25
These verses encourage believers to spur one another on toward love and good deeds, reflecting Jonathan's encouragement to David.