2190. echthros

Lexicon

echthros: Enemy, hostile, hated

Original Word: ἐχθρός
Part of Speech: Adjective
Transliteration: echthros
Pronunciation: ekh-thros'
Phonetic Spelling: (ech-thros')
Definition: Enemy, hostile, hated
Meaning: hated, hostile; subst: an enemy.

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance

enemy, foe.

From a primary echtho (to hate); hateful (passively, odious, or actively, hostile); usually as a noun, an adversary (especially Satan) -- enemy, foe.

HELPS Word-studies

2190 exthrós – properly, an enemy; someone openly hostile (at enmity), animated by deep-seated hatred. 2190/exthros ("enemy"), implies irreconcilable hostility, proceeding out of a "personal" hatred bent on inflicting harm (DNTT).

[2190 (exthrós) describes a person resolved to inflict harm (see DNTT, Vol 1, 553) – i.e. driven by irreconcilable, deep-rooted enmity.]

NAS Exhaustive Concordance

Word Origin
from echthos (hatred)
Definition
hostile
NASB Translation
enemies (20), enemy (10), enemy* (1), hostile (1).

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

STRONGS NT 2190: ἐχθρός

ἐχθρός, ἔχθρα, ἐχθρόν (ἔχθος hatred); the Sept. numberless times for אויֵב, also for צַר, several times for שׂונֵא and מְשַׂנֵּא, a hater;

1. passively, hated, odious, hateful (in Homer only in this sense): Romans 11:28 (opposed to ἀγαπητός).

2. actively, hostile, hating and opposing another: 1 Corinthians 15:25; 2 Thessalonians 3:15; with the genitive of the person hated or opposed, James 4:4 Lachmann; Galatians 4:16, cf. Meyer or Wieseler on the latter passage used of men as at enmity with God by their sin: Romans 5:10 (cf. Romans 8:7; Colossians 1:21; James 4:4) (but many take ἐχθρός here (as in , see 1 above) passively; cf. Meyer); τῇ διάνοια, opposing (God) in the mind, Colossians 1:21; ἐχθρός ἄνθρωπος, a man that is hostile, a certain enemy, Matthew 13:28; ὁ ἐχθρός, the hostile one (well known to you), i. e. κατ' ἐξοχήν the devil, the most bitter enemy of the divine government: Luke 10:19, cf. Matthew 13:39 (and ecclesiastical writings). ὁ ἐχθρός (and ἐχθρός) substantively, enemy (so the word, whether adjective or a substantive, is translated in A. V., except twice (R. V. once) foe: ἔσχατος ἐχθρός, 1 Corinthians 15:26): with the genitive of the person to whom one is hostile, Matthew 5:43; Matthew 10:36; Matthew 13:25; Luke 1:(),; ; Romans 12:20; Revelation 11:5, 12; in the words of Psalm 109:1 (), quoted in Matthew 22:44; Mark 12:36; Luke 20:43; Acts 2:35; 1 Corinthians 15:25 (L brackets; others omit the genitive (see above)); Hebrews 1:13; Hebrews 10:13. with the genitive of the thing: Acts 13:10; τοῦ σταυροῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, who given up to their evil passions evade the obligations imposed upon them by the death of Christ, Philippians 3:18.

Topical Lexicon

Word Origin: Derived from a primary verb ἔχθω (echthō), meaning "to hate."

Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: • H340: אֹיֵב (oyeb) • enemy, foe
• H341: אוֹיֵב (oyeb) • enemy, adversary
• H342: אֵיבָה (eybah) • enmity, hostility

These Hebrew terms similarly convey the notion of enmity and opposition, often used in the Old Testament to describe adversaries of Israel or those opposed to God.

Usage: In the New Testament, ἐχθρός is used to describe both personal and spiritual adversaries. It can refer to human enemies, those who oppose God, or even the devil himself. The term is used in various contexts to highlight enmity or opposition.

Context: The Greek word ἐχθρός appears in several key passages throughout the New Testament, illustrating the concept of enmity in both human and spiritual realms. In Matthew 5:44, Jesus instructs His followers to "love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you," emphasizing the radical nature of Christian love that extends even to those who are hostile. This teaching is echoed in Luke 6:27, where believers are called to do good to those who hate them.

The Apostle Paul uses ἐχθρός in Romans 5:10 to describe humanity's natural state of enmity with God due to sin: "For if, while we were enemies, we were reconciled to God through the death of His Son, how much more, having been reconciled, shall we be saved through His life!" This passage highlights the transformative power of reconciliation through Christ.

In the spiritual realm, ἐχθρός is used to describe the devil as the ultimate adversary. In Matthew 13:39, during the explanation of the Parable of the Weeds, Jesus identifies the enemy who sows weeds among the wheat as "the devil." This usage underscores the spiritual warfare between the kingdom of God and the forces of evil.

The concept of ἐχθρός also extends to the eschatological context, where in 1 Corinthians 15:25-26, Paul speaks of Christ reigning until He has put all His enemies under His feet, with the last enemy being death itself.

Forms and Transliterations

εχθρά έχθραν εχθρε εχθρέ ἐχθρὲ εχθροι εχθροί ἐχθροί ἐχθροὶ εχθροίς εχθρον εχθρόν ἐχθρόν ἐχθρὸν εχθρος εχθρός ἐχθρός ἐχθρὸς εχθρου εχθρού ἐχθροῦ εχθρους εχθρούς ἐχθρούς ἐχθροὺς εχθρώ εχθρων εχθρών ἐχθρῶν echthre echthrè echthroi echthroí echthroì echthron echthrón echthròn echthrôn echthrōn echthrō̂n echthros echthrós echthròs echthrou echthroû echthrous echthroús echthroùs

Englishman's Concordance

Matthew 5:43 Adj-AMS
GRK: μισήσεις τὸν ἐχθρόν σου
NAS: YOUR NEIGHBOR and hate your enemy.'
KJV: hate thine enemy.
INT: hate enemy of you

Matthew 5:44 Adj-AMP
GRK: ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν καὶ
NAS: to you, love your enemies and pray
KJV: your enemies, bless
INT: Love enemies of you and

Matthew 10:36 Adj-NMP
GRK: καὶ ἐχθροὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
NAS: and A MAN'S ENEMIES WILL BE THE MEMBERS OF HIS HOUSEHOLD.
KJV: a man's foes [shall be] they of his own
INT: And enemies of the man

Matthew 13:25 Adj-NMS
GRK: αὐτοῦ ὁ ἐχθρὸς καὶ ἐπέσπειρεν
NAS: were sleeping, his enemy came
KJV: slept, his enemy came and
INT: his enemy and sowed

Matthew 13:28 Adj-NMS
GRK: ἔφη αὐτοῖς Ἐχθρὸς ἄνθρωπος τοῦτο
NAS: And he said to them, 'An enemy has done
KJV: unto them, An enemy hath done
INT: he said to them an enemy a man this

Matthew 13:39 Adj-NMS
GRK: ὁ δὲ ἐχθρὸς ὁ σπείρας
NAS: and the enemy who sowed
KJV: [one]; The enemy that sowed them
INT: and [the] enemy the [one] having sown

Matthew 22:44 Adj-AMP
GRK: θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποκάτω
NAS: I PUT YOUR ENEMIES BENEATH
KJV: I make thine enemies thy footstool?
INT: I place the enemies of you [as] a footstool

Mark 12:36 Adj-AMP
GRK: θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποκάτω
NAS: I PUT YOUR ENEMIES BENEATH
KJV: I make thine enemies thy footstool.
INT: I place of the enemies of you [as] a footstool

Luke 1:71 Adj-GMP
GRK: σωτηρίαν ἐξ ἐχθρῶν ἡμῶν καὶ
NAS: Salvation FROM OUR ENEMIES, And FROM THE HAND
KJV: from our enemies, and from
INT: salvation from enemies of us and

Luke 1:74 Adj-GMP
GRK: ἐκ χειρὸς ἐχθρῶν ῥυσθέντας λατρεύειν
NAS: from the hand of our enemies, Might serve
KJV: of our enemies might serve
INT: out of [the] hand of our enemies having been saved we should serve

Luke 6:27 Adj-AMP
GRK: ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν καλῶς
NAS: love your enemies, do
KJV: Love your enemies, do good
INT: Love the enemies of you well

Luke 6:35 Adj-AMP
GRK: ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν καὶ
NAS: But love your enemies, and do good,
KJV: love ye your enemies, and do good,
INT: love the enemies of you and

Luke 10:19 Adj-GMS
GRK: δύναμιν τοῦ ἐχθροῦ καὶ οὐδὲν
NAS: the power of the enemy, and nothing
KJV: the power of the enemy: and
INT: power of the enemey and nothing

Luke 19:27 Adj-AMP
GRK: Πλὴν τοὺς ἐχθρούς μου τούτους
NAS: But these enemies of mine,
KJV: those mine enemies, which would
INT: Moreover the enemies of me these

Luke 19:43 Adj-NMP
GRK: παρεμβαλοῦσιν οἱ ἐχθροί σου χάρακά
NAS: upon you when your enemies will throw
KJV: that thine enemies shall cast a trench
INT: will cast around the enemies of you a barricade

Luke 20:43 Adj-AMP
GRK: θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον
NAS: I MAKE YOUR ENEMIES A FOOTSTOOL
KJV: I make thine enemies thy footstool.
INT: I place the enemies of you [as] a footstool

Acts 2:35 Adj-AMP
GRK: θῶ τοὺς ἐχθρούς σου ὑποπόδιον
NAS: I MAKE YOUR ENEMIES A FOOTSTOOL
KJV: I make thy foes thy footstool.
INT: I place the enemies of you a footstool

Acts 13:10 Adj-VMS
GRK: υἱὲ διαβόλου ἐχθρὲ πάσης δικαιοσύνης
NAS: of the devil, you enemy of all
KJV: of the devil, [thou] enemy of all
INT: son of [the] devil enemy of all righteousness

Romans 5:10 Adj-NMP
GRK: εἰ γὰρ ἐχθροὶ ὄντες κατηλλάγημεν
NAS: For if while we were enemies we were reconciled
KJV: when we were enemies, we were reconciled
INT: if indeed enemies being we were reconciled

Romans 11:28 Adj-NMP
GRK: τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ἐχθροὶ δι' ὑμᾶς
NAS: of the gospel they are enemies for your sake,
KJV: the gospel, [they are] enemies for your sakes:
INT: the gospel [they are] enemies for sake of you

Romans 12:20 Adj-NMS
GRK: πεινᾷ ὁ ἐχθρός σου ψώμιζε
NAS: BUT IF YOUR ENEMY IS HUNGRY, FEED
KJV: if thine enemy hunger, feed
INT: should hunger the enemy of you feed

1 Corinthians 15:25 Adj-AMP
GRK: πάντας τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑπὸ τοὺς
NAS: all His enemies under
KJV: he hath put all enemies under his
INT: all enemies under the

1 Corinthians 15:26 Adj-NMS
GRK: ἔσχατος ἐχθρὸς καταργεῖται ὁ
NAS: The last enemy that will be abolished
KJV: The last enemy [that] shall be destroyed
INT: [The] last enemy annulled [is]

Galatians 4:16 Adj-NMS
GRK: ὥστε ἐχθρὸς ὑμῶν γέγονα
NAS: have I become your enemy by telling you the truth?
KJV: become your enemy, because I tell you
INT: So enemy of you have I become

Philippians 3:18 Adj-AMP
GRK: λέγω τοὺς ἐχθροὺς τοῦ σταυροῦ
NAS: weeping, [that they are] enemies of the cross
KJV: weeping, [that they are] the enemies of the cross
INT: I tell [you they are] enemies of the cross

Strong's Greek 2190
32 Occurrences

ἐχθρὲ — 1 Occ.
ἐχθρῶν — 2 Occ.
ἐχθροὶ — 6 Occ.
ἐχθρόν — 2 Occ.
ἐχθρὸς — 7 Occ.
ἐχθροῦ — 1 Occ.
ἐχθροὺς — 13 Occ.