2 Samuel 5:4
New International Version
David was thirty years old when he became king, and he reigned forty years.

New Living Translation
David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years in all.

English Standard Version
David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

Berean Standard Bible
David was thirty years old when he became king, and he reigned forty years.

King James Bible
David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

New King James Version
David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

New American Standard Bible
David was thirty years old when he became king, and he reigned for forty years.

NASB 1995
David was thirty years old when he became king, and he reigned forty years.

NASB 1977
David was thirty years old when he became king, and he reigned forty years.

Legacy Standard Bible
Now David was thirty years old when he became king, and he reigned forty years.

Amplified Bible
David was thirty years old when he became king, and he reigned forty years.

Christian Standard Bible
David was thirty years old when he began his reign; he reigned forty years.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
David was 30 years old when he began his reign; he reigned 40 years.

American Standard Version
David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

Contemporary English Version
David was 30 years old when he became king, and he ruled for 40 years.

English Revised Version
David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
David was 30 years old when he became king, and he ruled for 40 years.

Good News Translation
David was thirty years old when he became king, and he ruled for forty years.

International Standard Version
David began to reign when he was 30 years old, and he reigned 40 years.

Majority Standard Bible
David was thirty years old when he became king, and he reigned forty years.

NET Bible
David was thirty years old when he began to reign and he reigned for forty years.

New Heart English Bible
David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

Webster's Bible Translation
David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

World English Bible
David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
A son of thirty years [is] David in his being king; he has reigned [for] forty years;

Young's Literal Translation
A son of thirty years is David in his being king; forty years he hath reigned;

Smith's Literal Translation
The son of thirty years was David in his reigning, and he reigned forty years.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

Catholic Public Domain Version
David was a son of thirty years, when he had begun to reign, and he reigned for forty years.

New American Bible
David was thirty years old when he became king, and he reigned forty years:

New Revised Standard Version
David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
David was a son of thirty years when he was made to reign, and he reigned forty years
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
David Anointed King over Israel
3So all the elders of Israel came to the king at Hebron, where King David made with them a covenant before the LORD. And they anointed him king over Israel. 4David was thirty years old when he became king, and he reigned forty years. 5In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months, and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty-three years over all Israel and Judah.…

Cross References
1 Chronicles 11:3
So all the elders of Israel came to the king at Hebron, where David made a covenant with them before the LORD. And they anointed him king over Israel, according to the word of the LORD through Samuel.

1 Samuel 16:13
So Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him in the presence of his brothers, and the Spirit of the LORD rushed upon David from that day forward. Then Samuel set out and went to Ramah.

1 Kings 2:11
The length of David’s reign over Israel was forty years—seven years in Hebron and thirty-three years in Jerusalem.

1 Chronicles 29:27
The length of David’s reign over Israel was forty years—seven years in Hebron and thirty-three years in Jerusalem.

1 Samuel 13:14
But now your kingdom will not endure; the LORD has sought a man after His own heart and appointed him ruler over His people, because you have not kept the command of the LORD.”

1 Samuel 17:12
Now David was the son of a man named Jesse, an Ephrathite from Bethlehem of Judah who had eight sons. And in the days of Saul, Jesse was old and well along in years.

1 Samuel 18:5
So David marched out and prospered in everything Saul sent him to do, and Saul set him over the men of war. And this was pleasing in the sight of all the people, and of Saul’s officers as well.

1 Samuel 24:20
Now I know for sure that you will be king and that the kingdom of Israel will be established in your hands.

1 Samuel 25:30
When the LORD has done for my lord all the good He promised, and when He has appointed you ruler over Israel,

1 Samuel 28:17
He has done exactly what He spoke through me: The LORD has torn the kingdom out of your hand and given it to your neighbor David.

1 Samuel 31:6
So Saul, his three sons, his armor-bearer, and all his men died together that same day.

Acts 13:22
After removing Saul, He raised up David as their king and testified about him: ‘I have found David son of Jesse a man after My own heart; he will carry out My will in its entirety.’

Acts 13:36
For when David had served God’s purpose in his own generation, he fell asleep. His body was buried with his fathers and saw decay.

Matthew 1:6
and Jesse the father of David the king. Next: David was the father of Solomon by Uriah’s wife,

Luke 1:32
He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David,


Treasury of Scripture

David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.

thirty

Luke 3:23
And Jesus himself began to be about thirty years of age, being (as was supposed) the son of Joseph, which was the son of Heli,

forty

1 Chronicles 26:31
Among the Hebronites was Jerijah the chief, even among the Hebronites, according to the generations of his fathers. In the fortieth year of the reign of David they were sought for, and there were found among them mighty men of valour at Jazer of Gilead.

1 Chronicles 29:27
And the time that he reigned over Israel was forty years; seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned he in Jerusalem.

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David Forty Reign Reigned Thirty
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David Forty Reign Reigned Thirty
2 Samuel 5
1. The tribes come to Hebron and anoint David over Israel,
4. David's age
6. Taking Zion from the Jebusites, he dwells in it
11. Hiram sends to David,
13. Eleven sons are born to him in Jerusalem
17. David, directed by God, smites the Philistines at Baal-perazim
22. And again at the mulberry trees














David was thirty years old
The age of thirty holds significant meaning in biblical history and tradition. In Hebrew culture, thirty was often seen as the age of maturity and readiness for leadership. Joseph was thirty when he entered Pharaoh's service (Genesis 41:46), and Jesus began His public ministry at about thirty (Luke 3:23). This age signifies a time when David was fully prepared by God, having been anointed by Samuel years earlier (1 Samuel 16:13), and having undergone numerous trials and experiences that shaped his character and leadership abilities. It underscores the divine timing in David's life, illustrating that God prepares His chosen ones through life experiences before entrusting them with greater responsibilities.

when he became king
David's ascension to the throne marks the fulfillment of God's promise to him. The Hebrew word for "king" is "melek," which signifies not just a ruler, but one who is divinely appointed. David's kingship was not merely a political position but a spiritual calling. His reign was to be a reflection of God's sovereignty and justice. This phrase highlights the transition from a period of waiting and preparation to the realization of God's plan. It serves as a reminder that God's promises are sure, though they may take time to come to fruition.

and he reigned forty years
The number forty in the Bible often symbolizes a period of testing, trial, or probation, as seen in the forty years the Israelites wandered in the desert (Numbers 14:33-34) and the forty days Jesus fasted in the wilderness (Matthew 4:2). David's forty-year reign can be seen as a time of establishing and solidifying the kingdom of Israel, uniting the tribes, and setting the stage for the future temple under Solomon. It was a period marked by both triumphs and challenges, reflecting the complexities of leadership under God's guidance. This duration emphasizes the completeness and significance of David's reign in the history of Israel, showcasing God's faithfulness in establishing a kingdom that would ultimately lead to the lineage of Christ.

(4) Thirty years old.--This statement of the age and of the length of the reign of David (which is repeated in 1Chronicles 29:26-27, at the end of the history of David's life) shows us approximately the length of time since the combat with Goliath as some ten or twelve years. It also proves that the greater part of Saul's reign is treated very briefly in 1 Samuel, and further shows that David was seventy years old at his death.

Verse 4. - David was thirty years old. As David was probably about eighteen or nineteen years of age at the time of his combat with Goliath, the events recorded in 1 Samuel 17-31, must have occupied about ten or eleven years.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
David
דָּוִ֖ד (dā·wiḏ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 1732: David -- perhaps 'beloved one', a son of Jesse

was thirty
שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים (šə·lō·šîm)
Number - common plural
Strong's 7970: Thirty, thirtieth

years old
בֶּן־ (ben-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1121: A son

when he became king,
בְּמָלְכ֑וֹ (bə·mā·lə·ḵōw)
Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 4427: To reign, inceptively, to ascend the throne, to induct into royalty, to take counsel

[and] he reigned
מָלָֽךְ׃ (mā·lāḵ)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 4427: To reign, inceptively, to ascend the throne, to induct into royalty, to take counsel

forty
אַרְבָּעִ֥ים (’ar·bā·‘îm)
Number - common plural
Strong's 705: Forty

years.
שָׁנָ֖ה (šā·nāh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 8141: A year


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OT History: 2 Samuel 5:4 David was thirty years old when he (2Sa iiSam 2 Sam ii sam)
2 Samuel 5:3
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