Introduction

Fasting, a spiritual discipline practiced throughout biblical history, is often associated with prayer, repentance, and seeking God's guidance. The Bible provides a comprehensive understanding of true fasting, emphasizing its spiritual significance over mere ritualistic observance. This entry explores the biblical definition of true fasting, drawing from key scriptural passages and principles.

Old Testament Insights

The Old Testament provides foundational insights into the practice of fasting. In the book of Isaiah, the prophet addresses the Israelites' misunderstanding of fasting. Isaiah 58:6-7 declares, "Is not this the fast that I have chosen: to break the chains of wickedness, to untie the cords of the yoke, to set the oppressed free, and to break every yoke? Is it not to share your bread with the hungry, to bring the poor and homeless into your home, to clothe the naked when you see him, and not to turn away from your own flesh and blood?"

This passage highlights that true fasting is not merely abstaining from food but involves acts of justice, mercy, and compassion. It calls for a transformation of the heart, leading to actions that reflect God's love and righteousness.

Fasting and Repentance

Fasting is often linked with repentance in the Old Testament. In the book of Joel, the prophet calls the people to return to God with all their hearts, "with fasting, weeping, and mourning" (Joel 2:12). This call to repentance underscores the importance of fasting as a means of humbling oneself before God, acknowledging sin, and seeking His forgiveness.

The account of Jonah and the city of Nineveh further illustrates this connection. When Jonah proclaimed God's impending judgment, the people of Nineveh believed God, declared a fast, and put on sackcloth as a sign of their repentance (Jonah 3:5). Their genuine repentance, accompanied by fasting, led to God's mercy and the sparing of their city.

New Testament Perspectives

In the New Testament, Jesus provides further clarity on the nature of true fasting. In the Sermon on the Mount, He instructs His followers on the proper attitude and approach to fasting. Matthew 6:16-18 states, "When you fast, do not be somber like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces to show men they are fasting. Truly I tell you, they already have their reward. But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face, so that your fasting will not be obvious to men, but only to your Father, who is unseen. And your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you."

Jesus emphasizes that fasting should be a private act of devotion, directed towards God rather than seeking human approval. It is an expression of sincere faith and dependence on God, rather than a public display of piety.

Fasting and Spiritual Growth

The New Testament also associates fasting with spiritual growth and empowerment. In Acts 13:2-3 , the early church leaders fasted and prayed before commissioning Barnabas and Saul for missionary work: "While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, 'Set apart for Me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.' So after they had fasted and prayed, they laid their hands on them and sent them off."

This passage illustrates that fasting, combined with prayer, can lead to greater sensitivity to the Holy Spirit's guidance and empowerment for ministry. It is a means of seeking God's will and preparing for His work.

Conclusion

The biblical definition of true fasting transcends mere abstinence from food. It is a holistic practice that involves repentance, humility, justice, and a sincere pursuit of God's presence and will. True fasting aligns the believer's heart with God's purposes, leading to spiritual renewal and transformation.