The phrase "sheep among wolves" is a metaphorical expression found in the New Testament, specifically in the Gospel of Matthew. It is used by Jesus Christ to describe the vulnerability and mission of His disciples as they are sent out into a hostile world. This imagery is rich with meaning and has been the subject of theological reflection throughout Christian history.

Biblical Context

The primary reference to "sheep among wolves" is found in Matthew 10:16, where Jesus instructs His disciples: "Behold, I am sending you out like sheep among wolves; therefore be as shrewd as snakes and as innocent as doves" . This passage occurs within the context of Jesus commissioning the twelve apostles to go out and preach the kingdom of heaven to the lost sheep of Israel. The metaphor underscores the danger and opposition they would face, as well as the need for wisdom and purity in their mission.

Symbolism and Meaning

1. Sheep: In biblical literature, sheep often symbolize innocence, vulnerability, and dependence. They are creatures that require guidance and protection, typically provided by a shepherd. In this context, the disciples are likened to sheep, emphasizing their need for divine guidance and protection as they carry out their mission.

2. Wolves: Wolves are frequently depicted as predators and symbols of danger and deceit. In the biblical narrative, wolves represent those who oppose the message of the Gospel and seek to harm the followers of Christ. The imagery of wolves highlights the real and present threats that the disciples would encounter.

3. Shrewd as Snakes and Innocent as Doves: Jesus' instruction to be "shrewd as snakes and innocent as doves" complements the metaphor of sheep among wolves. The snake, often associated with cunning and wisdom, suggests the need for discernment and strategic thinking. The dove, a symbol of purity and peace, calls for maintaining integrity and innocence in the face of adversity.

Theological Implications

The metaphor of sheep among wolves has been interpreted as a call for Christians to engage with the world in a manner that is both wise and pure. It acknowledges the reality of spiritual warfare and the presence of evil, while also affirming the necessity of relying on God's guidance and protection. The disciples' mission, and by extension the mission of the Church, involves navigating a world that is often hostile to the message of Christ.

Historical and Practical Applications

Throughout history, Christians have faced persecution and opposition, and the metaphor of sheep among wolves has provided a framework for understanding these experiences. It serves as a reminder of the cost of discipleship and the need for courage and faithfulness. Practically, it encourages believers to be vigilant and discerning, while also embodying the love and purity of Christ in their interactions with others.

Related Biblical Themes

The theme of sheep and shepherds is prevalent throughout Scripture, with God often depicted as the Good Shepherd who cares for His flock (e.g., Psalm 23, John 10:11-14). The contrast between sheep and wolves also echoes the broader biblical narrative of the struggle between good and evil, light and darkness. Additionally, the call to be wise and innocent resonates with other biblical teachings on wisdom and purity (e.g., Proverbs 1:7, Philippians 2:15).

In summary, the metaphor of sheep among wolves encapsulates the tension between the vulnerability of believers and the hostility of the world, while also pointing to the necessity of divine wisdom and purity in fulfilling the mission of the Gospel.