In the Mosaic Law, the offering of two turtledoves or two young pigeons is a provision made for those who could not afford more costly sacrifices, such as a lamb. This offering is mentioned in several contexts within the Old Testament, primarily in the books of Leviticus and Numbers, and it underscores the inclusivity and accessibility of worship and atonement for all members of the Israelite community, regardless of economic status.

Scriptural Basis

The primary scriptural references for this offering are found in Leviticus 1:14, 5:7, 12:8, and 14:22, as well as in Numbers 6:10. These passages outline the circumstances under which this offering could be made and the procedures to be followed.

1. Burnt Offering: Leviticus 1:14 states, "If, however, his offering to the LORD is a burnt offering of birds, he is to present a turtledove or a young pigeon." This provision allows individuals to present a burnt offering, a voluntary act of worship, dedication, or atonement, even if they cannot afford a more expensive animal.

2. Sin Offering: In Leviticus 5:7, the law provides for a sin offering: "But if he cannot afford a lamb, he may bring to the LORD two turtledoves or two young pigeons as restitution for his sin—one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering." This demonstrates God's provision for the poor, ensuring that everyone has the means to seek forgiveness and maintain a right relationship with Him.

3. Purification After Childbirth: Leviticus 12:8 addresses the offering made by a woman after childbirth: "But if she cannot afford a lamb, she may bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons, one for a burnt offering and the other for a sin offering. Then the priest will make atonement for her, and she will be clean." This offering underscores the importance of ritual purity and the accessibility of the purification rites.

4. Cleansing from Leprosy: Leviticus 14:22 provides for the cleansing of a leper: "And two turtledoves or two young pigeons, such as he can afford, one for a sin offering and the other for a burnt offering." This offering is part of the ritual for the ceremonial cleansing of a person healed from leprosy, highlighting the restoration of the individual to the community and to worship.

5. Nazirite Vow: Numbers 6:10 mentions the offering in the context of a Nazirite vow: "On the eighth day he is to bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons to the priest at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting." This offering is part of the purification process if a Nazirite becomes defiled during the period of their vow.

New Testament Reference

The offering of two turtledoves or two young pigeons is also mentioned in the New Testament, specifically in the context of the presentation of Jesus at the temple. Luke 2:24 states, "And to offer the sacrifice specified in the Law of the Lord: 'A pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons.'" This reference highlights the humble circumstances of Mary and Joseph, who adhered to the Law's requirements despite their modest means.

Theological Significance

The offering of two turtledoves or two young pigeons reflects the compassionate nature of God's law, which accommodates the financial limitations of His people. It emphasizes that worship and atonement are not reserved for the wealthy but are accessible to all who seek God with a sincere heart. This provision illustrates the principle that God values the heart and intent behind the offering more than the material value of the sacrifice itself.