In the context of the New Testament, the term "quaternion" refers to a group or squad of four soldiers. This term is specifically mentioned in the Book of Acts, where it describes the Roman military practice of assigning guards to prisoners. The use of a quaternion highlights the Roman emphasis on security and order, especially in situations involving high-profile prisoners.

Biblical Reference:

The primary biblical reference to a quaternion is found in Acts 12:4. The passage describes the Apostle Peter's imprisonment by King Herod Agrippa I. The verse states: "When he had seized him, he put him in prison, handing him over to be guarded by four squads of four soldiers each. Herod intended to bring him out to the people after the Passover" (Acts 12:4). Here, the term "four squads of four soldiers each" indicates that Peter was guarded by a total of sixteen soldiers, divided into four quaternions.

Historical and Cultural Context:

In Roman military practice, a quaternion was a standard unit of soldiers used for various duties, including guarding prisoners. The deployment of a quaternion ensured that a prisoner was under constant surveillance, with soldiers rotating shifts to maintain vigilance. This method was particularly employed for prisoners deemed to be of significant importance or risk, such as political prisoners or those accused of serious offenses.

The use of a quaternion in Peter's imprisonment underscores the perceived threat he posed to the Jewish and Roman authorities. Peter, as a leading figure in the early Christian church, was seen as a potential instigator of unrest due to his preaching and the growing influence of Christianity. Herod's decision to use such a substantial guard detail reflects the seriousness with which he regarded Peter's captivity.

Theological Implications:

From a theological perspective, the account of Peter's imprisonment and the use of a quaternion serves to highlight the power of divine intervention. Despite the formidable security measures, Peter's miraculous escape from prison, as narrated in Acts 12:6-11, demonstrates God's sovereignty and ability to deliver His servants from seemingly insurmountable circumstances. The presence of the quaternion, therefore, accentuates the miraculous nature of Peter's release, as it was achieved despite the humanly insurmountable odds.

Symbolism and Interpretation:

The quaternion can also be seen as a symbol of the worldly powers that often stand in opposition to the spread of the Gospel. The Roman soldiers, representing the might of the empire, are juxtaposed with the divine power that ultimately triumphs. This narrative encourages believers to trust in God's providence and protection, even when faced with overwhelming opposition.

In summary, the mention of a quaternion in the Book of Acts provides insight into Roman military practices and serves as a backdrop for the demonstration of God's miraculous intervention in the early church. The account of Peter's imprisonment and subsequent escape is a testament to the enduring power of faith and divine deliverance.Acts 12:4
And when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four squads of soldiers to keep him; intending after Easter to bring him forth to the people.
Nave's Topical Index

5069. tetradion -- a group of four, a quaternion (a guard of four ...
... Word Origin from tessares Definition a group of four, a quaternion (a guard of four
soldiers) NASB Word Usage squads (1). quaternion, squad of four soldiers. ...
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