In the ancient world, Egypt was renowned for its agricultural abundance, particularly its production of grain. The fertile lands of the Nile Delta provided an ideal environment for growing crops, making Egypt a crucial supplier of grain to surrounding regions. This agricultural prosperity is frequently referenced in the Bible, highlighting Egypt's role as a key exporter of grain.

One of the most notable biblical accounts of Egypt's grain exports is found in the story of Joseph, as recorded in the Book of Genesis. During a severe famine that affected the entire region, Egypt, under Joseph's administration, became the primary source of sustenance for many nations. Genesis 41:57 states, "And every nation came to Egypt to buy grain from Joseph, because the famine was severe over all the earth." This passage underscores Egypt's pivotal role in providing food during times of scarcity, emphasizing the country's agricultural capacity and strategic importance.

The export of grain from Egypt is further illustrated in the narrative of Joseph's brothers traveling to Egypt to purchase food. Genesis 42:1-3 recounts, "When Jacob learned that there was grain in Egypt, he said to his sons, 'Why are you staring at one another?' He continued, 'Look, I have heard that there is grain in Egypt. Go down there and buy some for us, so that we may live and not die.' So ten of Joseph’s brothers went down to buy grain from Egypt." This account not only highlights Egypt's role as a supplier of grain but also sets the stage for the eventual reconciliation of Joseph with his family.

The significance of Egypt's grain exports is also evident in the broader context of the ancient Near East. The region's reliance on Egypt for grain during periods of famine underscores the interconnectedness of ancient economies and the importance of trade routes. Egypt's ability to produce and export grain was a testament to its advanced agricultural practices and the providence of the Nile River, which provided the necessary resources for sustaining large-scale agriculture.

In summary, the export of grain from Egypt is a recurring theme in the Bible, illustrating the country's agricultural wealth and its critical role in sustaining neighboring nations during times of need. The biblical narratives not only highlight the practical aspects of trade and sustenance but also reflect deeper themes of divine providence and the unfolding of God's plan through historical events.Genesis 42:1
Now when Jacob saw that there was corn in Egypt, Jacob said to his sons, Why do you look one on another?
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Genesis 43:1
And the famine was sore in the land.
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Commerce
... household vessels from Sidon, baskets from Egypt, dresses from ... figs, etc., the value
of exports and imports ... Purchases of corn could not be concluded till the ...
/.../edersheim/sketches of jewish social life/chapter 12 commerce.htm

Travelling in Palestine --Roads, Inns, Hospitality, Custom-House ...
... and duty on all imports and exports, levied on ... [15] Northern Africa alone (exclusive
of Egypt) furnished Rome ... by way of taxation, with sufficient corn to last ...
/.../sketches of jewish social life/chapter 4 travelling in palestineroads.htm

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