Biblical Context:
The account of the delegation sent to the Eastern Tribes is found in the Book of Joshua, specifically in Joshua 22. This event occurs after the Israelites, under Joshua's leadership, have largely completed the conquest of Canaan and are settling into their allotted territories. The tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh had been granted land on the eastern side of the Jordan River, as per the agreement made with Moses (Numbers 32). After assisting their fellow Israelites in conquering the land west of the Jordan, these tribes return to their own inheritance.

The Altar of Witness:
Upon their return, the Eastern Tribes build a large altar by the Jordan River. This action raises concerns among the other Israelite tribes, who fear that the altar signifies a rebellion against the LORD and a potential breach of the covenant. The central concern is that the altar might be used for sacrifices, which would contravene the command that sacrifices be made only at the Tabernacle, the designated place of worship (Deuteronomy 12:13-14).

The Delegation:
In response to this perceived threat, the Israelites send a delegation to the Eastern Tribes. The delegation is led by Phinehas, the son of Eleazar the priest, and includes ten chiefs, one from each of the western tribes (Joshua 22:13-14). Phinehas is a significant figure, known for his zeal in upholding the covenant, as demonstrated in the incident at Peor (Numbers 25).

The Confrontation:
The delegation confronts the Eastern Tribes, expressing their concern that the altar represents a rebellion against God. They remind the Eastern Tribes of the sin at Peor and the consequences of Achan's sin, emphasizing the communal nature of sin and its repercussions for the entire nation (Joshua 22:16-20).

The Explanation:
In response, the Eastern Tribes explain that the altar is not intended for sacrifices but as a "witness" between them and the western tribes. They assert that it serves as a reminder that they too are part of the people of Israel and share in the worship of the LORD. Their intention is to prevent future generations from claiming that the Eastern Tribes have no share in the LORD (Joshua 22:21-29).

Resolution:
Phinehas and the delegation are satisfied with this explanation, recognizing that the Eastern Tribes have not acted in rebellion. They return to the western tribes with the good news, and the potential for civil war is averted. The altar is named "Witness," symbolizing the unity and shared faith of all the tribes of Israel (Joshua 22:30-34).

Theological Significance:
This episode underscores the importance of unity and communication among God's people. It highlights the potential for misunderstanding and conflict when actions are misinterpreted. The swift and peaceful resolution of the situation through dialogue and mutual respect serves as a model for resolving disputes within the community of faith. The account also reinforces the centrality of worship and adherence to God's commands as foundational to the identity and cohesion of the Israelite nation.