Psalm 59:14

They return in the evening, snarling like dogs and prowling around the city.

Study Bible

They return in the evening
This phrase suggests a recurring pattern of behavior, indicating persistence and determination. In the biblical context, evening often symbolizes a time of vulnerability and danger, as darkness falls and visibility decreases. This imagery is used throughout the Psalms to convey a sense of threat or impending trouble (e.g., Psalm 91:5-6). The evening return of the enemies highlights their relentless pursuit and the ongoing nature of the threat faced by the psalmist, traditionally understood to be David. Historically, cities in ancient Israel were more vulnerable at night, as the absence of light made it easier for enemies to approach undetected.

snarling like dogs
In ancient Near Eastern culture, dogs were not typically seen as beloved pets but rather as scavengers and symbols of impurity. The comparison to dogs emphasizes the aggressiveness and unclean nature of the enemies. This imagery is used to depict the enemies' hostility and their lowly, contemptible status. The snarling suggests a threatening and intimidating presence, akin to a pack of wild animals ready to attack. This metaphor is also found in other parts of Scripture, such as Philippians 3:2, where Paul warns against "dogs" as a metaphor for false teachers.

and prowling around the city
The act of prowling indicates stealth and a predatory nature, suggesting that the enemies are seeking an opportunity to strike. This behavior is reminiscent of a siege, where enemies would encircle a city, looking for weaknesses in its defenses. The city, likely Jerusalem in the context of David's life, represents a place of refuge and safety, now under threat. This imagery of encirclement and danger is echoed in other biblical passages, such as 1 Peter 5:8, where the devil is described as a roaring lion seeking someone to devour. The prowling enemies serve as a type of the spiritual adversaries that believers face, highlighting the need for vigilance and reliance on God's protection.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The author of the psalm, who is seeking deliverance from his enemies. This psalm is attributed to David during a time when Saul sent men to watch his house in order to kill him.

2. Enemies
The adversaries of David, often representing those who oppose God's anointed and righteous people. They are depicted as relentless and vicious, like snarling dogs.

3. City
Likely referring to Jerusalem or a similar setting where David's enemies are prowling. The city represents a place of both refuge and threat, depending on the presence of enemies.

4. Evening
The time of day when the enemies return, symbolizing a period of darkness and danger, often associated with evil deeds.

5. Dogs
In the cultural context, dogs were not seen as pets but as scavengers, symbolizing impurity and aggression. This imagery is used to describe the nature of David's enemies.

Teaching Points

Vigilance in Spiritual Warfare
Just as David's enemies returned in the evening, believers must be vigilant against spiritual attacks that can come at unexpected times.

Trust in God's Protection
Despite the prowling enemies, David's psalm is ultimately a declaration of trust in God's deliverance. Believers can find comfort in God's protection against adversaries.

Recognizing the Nature of Opposition
Understanding the nature of our spiritual enemies, as depicted by the imagery of snarling dogs, helps us to be prepared and rely on God's strength.

Prayer as a Response to Threats
David's response to his enemies is to turn to God in prayer. This teaches us the importance of seeking God's help in times of trouble.

The Reality of Evil
The psalm acknowledges the presence and persistence of evil in the world, reminding believers to remain steadfast in faith and righteousness.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the imagery of "snarling like dogs" help us understand the nature of David's enemies, and how can this apply to our understanding of spiritual warfare today?

2. In what ways does the historical context of 1 Samuel 19 enhance our understanding of Psalm 59:14?

3. How can we apply the principle of vigilance in our daily spiritual lives, especially in times of darkness or difficulty?

4. What are some practical ways we can demonstrate trust in God's protection when facing opposition or threats?

5. How does the concept of prayer as a response to danger in Psalm 59 inspire us to handle our own challenges and adversities?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Psalm 22:16
This verse also uses the imagery of dogs to describe enemies, highlighting their viciousness and the threat they pose to the righteous.

1 Samuel 19
The historical context of this psalm can be found in the account of Saul's pursuit of David, where Saul's men are sent to watch David's house.

Matthew 7:6
Jesus uses the metaphor of dogs to describe those who are hostile to the gospel, emphasizing discernment in dealing with opposition.