Numbers 31:28

Set aside a tribute for the LORD from what belongs to the soldiers who went into battle: one out of every five hundred, whether persons, cattle, donkeys, or sheep.

Study Bible

Set aside a tribute for the LORD
This phrase indicates a specific offering or portion dedicated to God, reflecting the principle of giving back to God from what He has provided. In the context of ancient Israel, tributes were a way to acknowledge God's sovereignty and provision. This practice is rooted in the broader biblical theme of tithing and offerings, seen in passages like Leviticus 27:30-32, where a tenth of produce and livestock is set apart for the Lord. It underscores the importance of recognizing God's role in victories and blessings.

from what belongs to the soldiers who went into battle
The soldiers are acknowledged as the recipients of the spoils of war, which was a common practice in ancient times. This reflects the cultural and historical context where warriors were rewarded for their service and risk. However, the directive to set aside a portion for the Lord emphasizes that even in victory, the ultimate credit and ownership belong to God. This principle is echoed in Deuteronomy 20:4, where God is described as the one who goes with the Israelites to fight for them.

one out of every five hundred
This specific ratio indicates a precise and relatively small portion, suggesting that the tribute is symbolic rather than burdensome. The number 500 may not have specific symbolic meaning, but the act of setting aside a portion is significant. It reflects the biblical principle of proportional giving, where the amount is less important than the act of giving itself, as seen in the widow's offering in Mark 12:41-44.

whether persons, cattle, donkeys, or sheep
The inclusion of various categories of spoils—people, livestock, and animals—demonstrates the comprehensive nature of the tribute. Each category represents different aspects of wealth and resources in the ancient Near Eastern context. The mention of "persons" likely refers to captives taken in war, which was a common practice. The inclusion of livestock highlights the agrarian economy of the time, where animals were a primary measure of wealth. This comprehensive list underscores the totality of God's claim over all aspects of life and victory.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites, who received God's instructions regarding the division of the spoils of war.

2. Israelites
The people of God, who were commanded to take vengeance on the Midianites and subsequently divide the spoils.

3. Midianites
A nomadic tribe that opposed Israel and led them into idolatry and immorality, prompting God's judgment.

4. Eleazar the Priest
The high priest who assisted Moses in the distribution of the spoils and the offering of the tribute.

5. The LORD
The God of Israel, who commanded the tribute as a recognition of His provision and victory.

Teaching Points

Acknowledgment of God's Sovereignty
The tribute from the spoils serves as a reminder that victory and provision come from the LORD. In our lives, we should acknowledge God's hand in our successes and blessings.

Obedience to God's Commands
The specific instruction to set aside a tribute underscores the importance of following God's commands precisely. We are called to obey God's Word in all aspects of our lives, trusting in His wisdom and guidance.

Generosity and Giving
The act of giving a portion of the spoils to the LORD reflects a heart of generosity and gratitude. As believers, we are encouraged to give back to God from what He has blessed us with, recognizing that all we have is from Him.

Community and Shared Responsibility
The division of the spoils among the community highlights the importance of shared responsibility and support within the body of Christ. We are called to care for one another and share our resources for the common good.

Holiness and Dedication
The tribute signifies a dedication to the LORD, setting apart a portion as holy. In our spiritual walk, we are called to live lives that are set apart and dedicated to God, reflecting His holiness in our actions and decisions.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of a tribute in Numbers 31:28 help us understand the importance of acknowledging God's role in our victories and successes?

2. In what ways can we practice obedience to God's commands in our daily lives, similar to the Israelites' obedience in setting aside a tribute?

3. How can the principle of generosity and giving, as seen in this passage, be applied in our financial stewardship and support of the church?

4. What are some practical ways we can demonstrate shared responsibility and support within our Christian community, reflecting the division of spoils among the Israelites?

5. How can we live lives that are set apart and dedicated to God, as symbolized by the tribute given to the LORD in this passage?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 30:11-16
This passage discusses the concept of a ransom or tribute to the LORD, similar to the tribute in Numbers 31:28, emphasizing the importance of acknowledging God's sovereignty and provision.

1 Samuel 15:22
This verse highlights the importance of obedience over sacrifice, which relates to the Israelites' need to follow God's specific instructions regarding the spoils.

Malachi 3:10
The principle of giving to God and recognizing His provision is echoed in the call to bring tithes into the storehouse, trusting in God's faithfulness.