Leviticus 21:17

"Say to Aaron, 'For the generations to come, none of your descendants who has a physical defect may approach to offer the food of his God.

Study Bible

Say to Aaron
This phrase establishes the direct communication from God to Aaron, the first high priest of Israel. The Hebrew word for "say" is "אָמַר" (amar), which is often used in the context of divine instruction. Aaron, as the brother of Moses and the first high priest, holds a significant role in the priestly lineage. This command underscores the importance of Aaron's role as a mediator between God and the Israelites, emphasizing the sacredness of the priestly duties.

For the generations to come
This phrase indicates the perpetual nature of the command. The Hebrew "לְדֹרֹתָם" (ledorotam) translates to "for their generations," signifying that this is not a temporary instruction but one that extends indefinitely into the future. It highlights the continuity and enduring nature of God's covenant with the priestly line, ensuring that the standards set forth are maintained throughout the ages.

none of your descendants
Here, the focus is on the lineage of Aaron, emphasizing the hereditary nature of the priesthood. The Hebrew "מִזַּרְעֲךָ" (mizzar'acha) means "of your seed," pointing to the biological descendants of Aaron. This underscores the importance of maintaining the sanctity and purity of the priestly line, as they are set apart for the service of God.

who has a physical defect
The Hebrew term "מוּם" (mum) refers to a blemish or imperfection. In the context of ancient Israel, physical wholeness was often seen as a reflection of spiritual and ritual purity. This requirement for priests to be without physical defects symbolizes the perfection and holiness required in those who serve directly in the presence of God, reflecting His own perfection.

may approach
The Hebrew "יִקְרַב" (yiqrab) means "to come near" or "to approach." This term is significant in the context of the priestly duties, as it involves entering the sacred space of the Tabernacle or Temple to perform rituals. The restriction placed on those with physical defects underscores the reverence and sanctity associated with approaching God, who is holy and perfect.

to offer the food of his God
This phrase refers to the sacrificial offerings made by the priests. The Hebrew "לְהַקְרִיב לֶחֶם אֱלֹהָיו" (lehakriv lechem elohav) translates to "to offer the bread of his God." The offerings, often referred to as "bread," symbolize sustenance and fellowship with God. This highlights the role of the priest as an intermediary who facilitates the relationship between God and His people through these sacred offerings.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Aaron
The brother of Moses and the first high priest of Israel. He represents the priestly line through which the Levitical laws were given.

2. Descendants of Aaron
Refers to the future generations of priests who would serve in the tabernacle and later in the temple.

3. Physical Defect
Any physical imperfection or disability that would disqualify a priest from performing certain sacred duties.

4. Offering the Food of God
The act of presenting sacrifices and offerings to God, a central duty of the priesthood.

5. Generations to Come
Indicates the perpetual nature of this commandment for the priestly line.

Teaching Points

Holiness in Service
The requirement for priests to be without physical defect underscores the importance of holiness and purity in those who serve God. While physical perfection is not required of believers today, spiritual integrity and holiness are essential.

Symbolism of Perfection
The physical requirements for priests symbolize the spiritual perfection found in Christ, our ultimate High Priest. Believers are called to strive for spiritual maturity and holiness.

Inclusivity in Christ
While the Old Testament law had specific requirements, the New Testament reveals that in Christ, all are made perfect through His sacrifice, regardless of physical or spiritual imperfections.

Role of the Priesthood
The priesthood in the Old Testament points to the greater priesthood of all believers in the New Testament, who are called to offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God.

God's Standards
God's standards for those who serve Him are high, reflecting His holiness. Believers are encouraged to pursue a life that honors God in all aspects.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the requirement for priests to be without physical defect in Leviticus 21:17 reflect God's standards for holiness?

2. In what ways does the priesthood of Aaron point to the ultimate priesthood of Jesus Christ?

3. How can believers today apply the principle of holiness in their own lives, as seen in the requirements for the Levitical priesthood?

4. What does it mean to be part of a "royal priesthood" as described in 1 Peter 2:9, and how does this relate to the Old Testament priesthood?

5. How can understanding the symbolism of physical perfection in the Old Testament help us appreciate the spiritual perfection offered through Christ?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 28
Discusses the garments and consecration of priests, emphasizing the importance of holiness and perfection in those who serve before God.

Hebrews 7
Highlights Jesus as the perfect high priest, contrasting the Levitical priesthood with the priesthood of Christ.

1 Peter 2:9
Describes believers as a royal priesthood, emphasizing spiritual purity and holiness.

Isaiah 53
Speaks of the suffering servant, who, despite being marred, fulfills the ultimate priestly role through His sacrifice.

Matthew 5:48
Calls believers to be perfect as the heavenly Father is perfect, reflecting the call to holiness.