Joshua 21:4

The first lot came out for the Kohathite clans. The Levites who were descendants of Aaron the priest received thirteen cities by lot from the tribes of Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin.

Study Bible

The first lot came out
The concept of "lot" in ancient Israel was a method of decision-making that sought divine guidance. The Hebrew word for "lot" is "goral," which implies a small stone or object used in casting lots. This practice was deeply rooted in the belief that God controlled the outcome, as seen in Proverbs 16:33, "The lot is cast into the lap, but its every decision is from the LORD." The use of lots here underscores the divine orchestration in the distribution of the land, ensuring that each tribe received their inheritance according to God's will.

for the clans of the Kohathites
The Kohathites were one of the three main divisions of the Levites, descended from Kohath, the second son of Levi. Historically, the Kohathites held a special role in the service of the tabernacle, responsible for the most sacred objects, including the Ark of the Covenant. This highlights the importance of their inheritance, as they were entrusted with the spiritual well-being of Israel. Their role and inheritance reflect the broader theme of God's provision and care for those who serve Him.

So the Levites who were descendants of Aaron the priest
Aaron, the brother of Moses, was the first high priest, and his descendants were set apart for priestly duties. The phrase emphasizes the special status of Aaron's lineage within the Levitical tribe. The Hebrew term for "priest" is "kohen," indicating one who mediates between God and the people. This priestly line was crucial for maintaining the sacrificial system and the spiritual health of the nation, pointing forward to the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who mediates a new covenant.

received thirteen cities by lot
The number thirteen here is significant, as it represents a complete and sufficient provision for the priestly families. The allocation of cities rather than contiguous land reflects the Levites' unique role; they were to be dispersed among the tribes to teach and guide the people in the ways of the Lord. This distribution ensured that the spiritual influence of the Levites permeated throughout Israel, symbolizing the pervasive presence of God among His people.

from the tribes of Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin
These three tribes were located in the southern part of the Promised Land. Judah, the tribe from which King David and ultimately Jesus would come, signifies leadership and messianic promise. Simeon, though smaller and eventually absorbed into Judah, represents the fulfillment of God's promises despite human shortcomings. Benjamin, the tribe of Saul, Israel's first king, highlights themes of redemption and transformation. The inclusion of these tribes in the Levites' inheritance underscores the unity and interdependence of all Israel under God's covenant.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Kohathites
A division of the Levites, descendants of Kohath, one of Levi's sons. They were responsible for the care of the sanctuary's most sacred objects.

2. Levites
The tribe set apart for religious duties and service to the Tabernacle and later the Temple. They did not receive a territorial inheritance like the other tribes but were given cities to dwell in.

3. Aaron
The brother of Moses and the first high priest of Israel. His descendants, the Aaronic priests, had specific roles in the religious life of Israel.

4. Tribes of Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin
These tribes provided cities for the Kohathite Levites. Judah and Benjamin were prominent tribes, with Judah being the tribe of King David and Jesus, and Benjamin being the tribe of the Apostle Paul.

5. Cities of Refuge
Among the cities given to the Levites were cities of refuge, which provided asylum for those who accidentally committed manslaughter.

Teaching Points

God's Provision and Order
God provided for the Levites through the allocation of cities, demonstrating His care and order in the community of Israel. This reminds us of God's provision in our lives and the importance of community support.

Role of the Priesthood
The Levites, especially the descendants of Aaron, had a unique role in leading worship and maintaining the spiritual health of Israel. This calls us to recognize and support spiritual leaders in our communities today.

Inheritance Beyond Land
The Levites' inheritance was not land but the Lord Himself (Numbers 18:20). This teaches us to value spiritual inheritance over material possessions.

Interdependence Among Tribes
The allocation of cities required cooperation among the tribes, illustrating the importance of unity and interdependence within the body of Christ.

Bible Study Questions

1. What does the allocation of cities to the Levites teach us about God's provision and care for those who serve Him?

2. How can we apply the principle of spiritual inheritance in our lives today, valuing our relationship with God over material wealth?

3. In what ways can we support and honor those who serve in spiritual leadership within our communities?

4. How does the concept of cities of refuge reflect God's justice and mercy, and how can we embody these attributes in our interactions with others?

5. What lessons can we learn from the cooperation among the tribes of Israel in providing for the Levites, and how can we apply these lessons to foster unity in our church communities?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 35
This chapter outlines the provision of cities for the Levites and the concept of cities of refuge, emphasizing the Levites' role in Israelite society.

1 Chronicles 6
Provides a genealogical record of the Levites, including the Kohathites, and details their assigned cities.

Hebrews 7
Discusses the priesthood of Jesus, drawing a contrast with the Levitical priesthood, highlighting the fulfillment of the law through Christ.