Joshua 20:2

"Tell the Israelites to designate the cities of refuge, as I instructed you through Moses,

Study Bible

Tell the Israelites
This phrase begins with a direct command from God to Joshua, emphasizing the importance of communication and leadership. The Hebrew root for "tell" is "dabar," which means to speak or declare. This highlights the role of Joshua as a mediator between God and the people, underscoring the importance of clear and faithful communication of God's will. Historically, this reflects the theocratic leadership structure of Israel, where God’s instructions were conveyed through appointed leaders.

Designate the cities of refuge
The term "designate" comes from the Hebrew word "natan," meaning to give or appoint. This indicates a deliberate and purposeful action, showing that these cities were not chosen randomly but were part of God’s divine plan for justice and mercy. The "cities of refuge" were a unique aspect of Israelite law, providing a safe haven for those who committed manslaughter unintentionally. This reflects God’s justice tempered with mercy, ensuring protection for the innocent while maintaining societal order.

as I instructed you through Moses
This phrase connects the current command to the past instructions given through Moses, highlighting the continuity and faithfulness of God’s promises. The reference to Moses serves as a reminder of the covenantal relationship between God and Israel, and the importance of obedience to God’s law. It underscores the historical context of the Israelites' journey from Egypt to the Promised Land, and the establishment of a society governed by divine law. This continuity assures the Israelites of God’s unchanging nature and His ongoing guidance.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Joshua
The leader of Israel after Moses, tasked with leading the Israelites into the Promised Land and implementing God's laws, including the establishment of cities of refuge.

2. Israelites
The descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who are entering and settling in the Promised Land under Joshua's leadership.

3. Cities of Refuge
Specific cities designated by God through Moses and Joshua where individuals who committed unintentional manslaughter could seek asylum and receive a fair trial.

4. Moses
The prophet and leader who received the Law from God, including the instructions for the cities of refuge, which Joshua is now implementing.

5. Promised Land
The land of Canaan, promised by God to the descendants of Abraham, where the Israelites are now settling and establishing their society according to God's laws.

Teaching Points

God's Provision for Justice and Mercy
The cities of refuge illustrate God's balance of justice and mercy, providing a system to protect the innocent while ensuring justice is served.

The Importance of Obedience
Joshua's role in implementing God's instructions highlights the importance of obedience to God's commands for the well-being of the community.

Spiritual Refuge in Christ
Just as the cities of refuge provided safety, Christ is our refuge, offering spiritual safety and salvation to those who seek Him.

Community Responsibility
The establishment of these cities underscores the community's role in upholding justice and providing protection for its members.

Intentionality in God's Law
The specific designation of cities shows God's intentionality in His laws, ensuring that they are practical and accessible for His people.

Bible Study Questions

1. How do the cities of refuge reflect God's character in terms of justice and mercy, and how can we apply these principles in our own lives?

2. In what ways does Joshua's obedience to God's instructions serve as a model for our own obedience to God's Word today?

3. How can the concept of a city of refuge help us understand the spiritual refuge we have in Christ?

4. What responsibilities do we have as a community of believers to ensure justice and protection for those who are vulnerable?

5. How can we be intentional in applying God's laws and principles in our daily lives, ensuring they are practical and accessible to those around us?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 35
Provides the initial instructions given by God to Moses regarding the cities of refuge, detailing their purpose and function.

Deuteronomy 19
Reiterates the laws concerning the cities of refuge, emphasizing justice and protection for those who have killed unintentionally.

Hebrews 6
Discusses the concept of refuge in a spiritual sense, where believers find refuge in the hope set before them in Christ.