Joshua 12:24
and the king of Tirzah, one. So there were thirty-one kings in all.
and the king of Tirzah, one.
Tirzah was an ancient Canaanite city mentioned several times in the Old Testament. It later became the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel during the reign of Jeroboam I. The mention of the king of Tirzah in Joshua 12:24 highlights the city's significance even before it became a capital. Archaeological evidence suggests that Tirzah was a fortified city, which aligns with its mention among the conquered kings. The defeat of its king signifies the comprehensive nature of Israel's conquest under Joshua, fulfilling God's promise to give the land to the Israelites. Tirzah's later prominence in Israel's history underscores the importance of its initial conquest.

So there were thirty-one kings in all.
The total of thirty-one kings represents the completeness of the conquest of Canaan under Joshua's leadership. This number signifies the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham regarding the land (Genesis 15:18-21). The list of defeated kings serves as a testament to God's faithfulness and the Israelites' obedience in claiming the Promised Land. The enumeration of these kings also reflects the fragmented political landscape of Canaan, where city-states were ruled by individual kings. This conquest prefigures the ultimate victory of Christ over all spiritual powers and authorities, as seen in Colossians 2:15, where Jesus triumphs over all rulers and authorities, symbolizing the complete victory of God's kingdom.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Joshua
The leader of the Israelites who succeeded Moses and led the conquest of Canaan. His leadership is central to the events described in the Book of Joshua.

2. Tirzah
A city in Canaan, which later became significant in the Northern Kingdom of Israel. It was one of the cities conquered by the Israelites under Joshua's leadership.

3. Thirty-One Kings
Represents the total number of kings defeated by the Israelites in their conquest of Canaan. This signifies the comprehensive nature of Israel's victory and God's fulfillment of His promises.
Teaching Points
God's Faithfulness in Fulfillment of Promises
The defeat of thirty-one kings demonstrates God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to Israel. Believers can trust that God will fulfill His promises in their lives as well.

The Importance of Obedience
Joshua's success was rooted in his obedience to God's commands. Christians are called to live in obedience to God's Word, trusting that His ways lead to victory.

Spiritual Warfare and Victory
Just as Israel faced physical battles, Christians face spiritual battles. Ephesians 6:12 reminds us that our struggle is not against flesh and blood, and we must rely on God's strength for victory.

God's Sovereignty Over Nations
The conquest of Canaan illustrates God's sovereignty over nations and history. Believers can find comfort in knowing that God is in control of world events.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the defeat of thirty-one kings in Joshua 12:24 demonstrate God's faithfulness to His promises? Reflect on a time when you experienced God's faithfulness in your life.

2. In what ways can Joshua's obedience to God serve as a model for our own spiritual journey? Consider how obedience impacts your relationship with God.

3. How does the concept of spiritual warfare in Ephesians 6:12 relate to the physical battles described in Joshua 12? What practical steps can you take to prepare for spiritual battles?

4. Reflect on the significance of God's sovereignty as seen in the conquest of Canaan. How does this understanding influence your perspective on current world events?

5. How can the account of Israel's victories in Joshua 12 encourage you in facing personal challenges or "battles" in your life? What role does faith play in overcoming these challenges?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Deuteronomy 7:1-2
This passage outlines God's command to Israel to conquer the nations in Canaan, which is fulfilled in Joshua 12. It emphasizes God's sovereignty and the fulfillment of His promises.

Psalm 44:3
This verse highlights that Israel's victories were not by their own strength but by God's power and favor, reinforcing the theme of divine assistance in Joshua 12.

Hebrews 11:30
This New Testament reference to the fall of Jericho connects to the broader account of faith and obedience seen in Joshua's conquests.
The Goodness and Severity of GodA. B. Mackay.Joshua 12:1-24
The Catalogue of the VanquishedR. Glover Joshua 12:7-24
People
Ammonites, Amorites, Arad, Canaanites, Debir, Eglon, Gad, Gadites, Geshurites, Hepher, Hittites, Hivite, Hivites, Israelites, Jebusites, Joshua, Maacah, Maacathites, Maachathites, Manasseh, Og, Perizzites, Rephaites, Reubenites, Seir, Shimron, Sihon, Tappuah, Tirzah
Places
Achshaph, Adullam, Ai, Aphek, Arabah, Arad, Aroer, Ashtaroth, Baal-gad, Bashan, Bethel, Beth-jeshimoth, Carmel, Debir, Dor, Edrei, Eglon, Galilee, Geder, Gezer, Gilead, Hazor, Hebron, Hepher, Heshbon, Hormah, Jabbok River, Jarmuth, Jericho, Jerusalem, Jokneam, Jordan River, Kedesh, Lachish, Lasharon, Libnah, Madon, Makkedah, Megiddo, Mount Halak, Mount Hermon, Naphath-dor, Negeb, Pisgah, Salecah, Salt Sea, Sea of Chinneroth, Sea of the Arabah, Seir, Shimron-meron, Taanach, Tappuah, Tirzah, Valley of Lebanon, Valley of the Arnon
Topics
Kings, Thirty, Thirty-one, Tirzah
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Joshua 12:8

     4245   hills

Library
Gilgal, in Deuteronomy 11:30 what the Place Was.
That which is said by Moses, that "Gerizim and Ebal were over-against Gilgal," Deuteronomy 11:30, is so obscure, that it is rendered into contrary significations by interpreters. Some take it in that sense, as if it were near to Gilgal: some far off from Gilgal: the Targumists read, "before Gilgal": while, as I think, they do not touch the difficulty; which lies not so much in the signification of the word Mul, as in the ambiguity of the word Gilgal. These do all seem to understand that Gilgal which
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

The Lake of Gennesaret; Or, the Sea of Galilee and Tiberias.
Jordan is measured at one hundred and twenty furlongs, from the lake of Samochonitis to that of Gennesaret. That lake, in the Old Testament, is 'The sea of Chinnereth,' Numbers 34:11, &c. In the Targumists, 'The sea of Genesar'; sometimes, 'of Genesor'; sometimes, 'of Ginosar': it is the same also in the Talmudists, but most frequently 'The sea of Tiberiah.' Both names are used by the evangelists; 'the lake of Gennesaret,' Luke 5:1; 'the sea of Tiberias,' John 21:1; and 'the sea of Galilee,' John
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Joshua
The book of Joshua is the natural complement of the Pentateuch. Moses is dead, but the people are on the verge of the promised land, and the story of early Israel would be incomplete, did it not record the conquest of that land and her establishment upon it. The divine purpose moves restlessly on, until it is accomplished; so "after the death of Moses, Jehovah spake to Joshua," i. 1. The book falls naturally into three divisions: (a) the conquest of Canaan (i.-xii.), (b) the settlement of the
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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