John 3:20

Everyone who does evil hates the Light, and does not come into the Light for fear that his deeds will be exposed.

Study Bible

Everyone who does evil
The phrase "everyone who does evil" refers to those who practice sin and live in opposition to God's commandments. The Greek word for "evil" here is "phaulon," which implies not just wickedness but also worthlessness and moral corruption. Historically, this reflects the human condition post-Fall, where sin has tainted human nature. In a conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the universality of sin and the need for redemption through Christ.

hates the Light
The "Light" is a metaphor for Jesus Christ, who is the embodiment of truth, holiness, and divine revelation. The Greek word "phos" is used for "Light," signifying purity and the divine presence. Those who "hate the Light" are in spiritual rebellion, rejecting the truth of Christ. This reflects the spiritual battle between darkness and light, a theme prevalent throughout Scripture, emphasizing the innate human resistance to divine truth without the transformative work of the Holy Spirit.

and does not come into the Light
This phrase indicates a deliberate avoidance of Christ and His truth. The Greek verb "erchomai," meaning "to come," suggests an action of moving towards something. Here, it implies a conscious decision to stay away from the truth that Christ offers. Historically, this reflects the Jewish leaders' rejection of Jesus during His earthly ministry, as well as a broader human tendency to avoid divine accountability.

for fear that his deeds will be exposed
The fear of exposure is a powerful deterrent for those living in sin. The Greek word "phobos" for "fear" conveys a sense of dread or terror. The term "exposed" comes from the Greek "elegcho," meaning to convict or reprove. This highlights the convicting power of Christ's presence, which reveals the true nature of one's actions. In a conservative Christian view, this underscores the necessity of repentance and the transformative power of coming into the Light, where sin is confessed and forgiven. The historical context of this fear can be seen in the religious leaders' fear of losing their status and power if they acknowledged Jesus as the Messiah.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus Christ
The speaker of this verse, Jesus is explaining the nature of light and darkness to Nicodemus, a Pharisee.

2. Nicodemus
A Pharisee and member of the Jewish ruling council who comes to Jesus at night to seek understanding.

3. The Light
Symbolically represents Jesus and the truth of God, which exposes sin and darkness.

4. Evil Deeds
Actions that are contrary to God's will and are done in darkness to avoid exposure.

5. The World
The broader context in which this conversation takes place, representing humanity's fallen state and need for redemption.

Teaching Points

The Nature of Light and Darkness
Light represents truth, purity, and the presence of God. Darkness symbolizes sin, ignorance, and separation from God.

Fear of Exposure
Those who engage in evil deeds avoid the light because it reveals their true nature. This fear of exposure keeps them in darkness.

The Call to Repentance
Coming into the light requires repentance and a willingness to have one's deeds exposed and transformed by God's truth.

Living in the Light
Believers are called to live transparently, allowing God's light to guide their actions and expose areas needing growth.

The Role of the Church
The church should be a community where light is celebrated, and members encourage one another to walk in truth and righteousness.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding Jesus as the Light influence your daily walk with Him?

2. What are some practical ways you can bring your own deeds into the light for examination and growth?

3. How can the church effectively support individuals in moving from darkness to light?

4. In what ways does fear of exposure hinder spiritual growth, and how can you overcome it?

5. How do the concepts of light and darkness in John 3:20 connect with the broader biblical account of redemption?

Connections to Other Scriptures

John 1:4-5
This passage introduces the concept of Jesus as the Light that shines in the darkness, which the darkness has not overcome.

Ephesians 5:11-13
Paul instructs believers to expose the deeds of darkness, emphasizing the transformative power of light.

1 John 1:5-7
Discusses walking in the light as God is in the light, highlighting fellowship and cleansing from sin.

Psalm 139:11-12
Illustrates that darkness is as light to God, emphasizing His omnipresence and omniscience.