Exodus 28:10

six of their names on one stone and the remaining six on the other, in the order of their birth.

Study Bible

six of their names
The number six in biblical numerology often represents humanity, as man was created on the sixth day. Here, the "names" refer to the names of the sons of Israel, the patriarchs of the twelve tribes. Names in Hebrew culture are deeply significant, often reflecting character or destiny. The engraving of these names on stones signifies the enduring covenant between God and His people, emphasizing the personal and communal identity of the Israelites.

on one stone
Stones in the ancient Near East were often used as memorials or witnesses to significant events or covenants. The use of stones here symbolizes permanence and strength. The singular "one stone" suggests unity among the tribes, despite their individual identities. This unity is crucial for the collective identity of Israel as God's chosen people.

and the remaining six on the other
The division of the names into two groups of six may symbolize balance and equality among the tribes. Each stone bearing six names suggests that no tribe is more important than another, reinforcing the idea of equal representation before God. This division also reflects the order and structure that God desires for His people.

in the order of their birth
The phrase "in the order of their birth" indicates a respect for the natural order established by God. Birth order in ancient cultures often determined inheritance rights and social status. By inscribing the names in this order, the text acknowledges the historical and familial realities of the tribes, while also highlighting God's sovereign plan in the history of Israel. This order serves as a reminder of God's providence and the unfolding of His promises through generations.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Aaron
The brother of Moses, appointed as the first high priest of Israel. The instructions in Exodus 28 are given for the garments he would wear while serving in the tabernacle.

2. Israelite Tribes
The twelve tribes of Israel, descended from the twelve sons of Jacob. Their names were to be engraved on the stones of the high priest's breastplate.

3. Onyx Stones
Precious stones used in the high priest's ephod, engraved with the names of the tribes of Israel. These stones were set on the shoulders of the ephod.

4. Ephod
A sacred vestment worn by the high priest, part of the priestly garments described in Exodus 28.

5. Mount Sinai
The place where God gave Moses the instructions for the tabernacle and the priestly garments, including the ephod.

Teaching Points

Significance of Names
The engraving of the tribes' names on the stones signifies God's personal relationship with His people. Each tribe is remembered and valued by God.

Symbol of Intercession
The high priest bearing the names of the tribes on his shoulders symbolizes intercession. As believers, we are called to intercede for others, carrying them in prayer before God.

Order and Structure
The specific order of the names according to birth reflects God's order and structure in His plans. It reminds us of the importance of respecting God's design and timing in our lives.

Identity and Belonging
The inclusion of all twelve tribes emphasizes the unity and collective identity of God's people. In Christ, we find our identity and belonging within the body of believers.

Priestly Role of Believers
Just as Aaron bore the names of the tribes, believers today are called to bear the name of Christ and represent Him to the world, living as a holy and set-apart people.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the engraving of the tribes' names on the onyx stones reflect God's relationship with His people, and how can this understanding impact our personal relationship with God?

2. In what ways can we, as believers, fulfill our role as a "royal priesthood" in our daily lives, drawing from the example of the high priest's intercession?

3. How does the order and structure seen in the engraving of the names challenge us to trust in God's timing and design for our lives?

4. What practical steps can we take to foster a sense of unity and belonging within our local church community, reflecting the collective identity of the twelve tribes?

5. How can we carry the name of Christ in our interactions with others, and what does it mean to represent Him faithfully in our current cultural context?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 49
This chapter provides the blessings and prophecies given by Jacob to his sons, who became the heads of the twelve tribes of Israel. It connects to the significance of the tribes' names being engraved on the stones.

Revelation 21
The New Jerusalem is described with twelve gates, each named after one of the twelve tribes of Israel, showing the enduring significance of these tribes in God's plan.

1 Peter 2:9
This verse speaks of believers as a "royal priesthood," connecting the priestly role of Aaron to the spiritual priesthood of all believers in Christ.