Exodus 18:25
So Moses chose capable men from all Israel and made them heads over the people as leaders of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties, and of tens.
So Moses chose
The act of choosing here is significant. The Hebrew root for "chose" is "בָּחַר" (bachar), which implies a careful selection process. Moses, guided by divine wisdom, did not make arbitrary decisions but selected individuals who were fit for leadership. This reflects the importance of discernment and prayerful consideration in leadership roles within the church and community.

able men
The term "able" is translated from the Hebrew word "חַיִל" (chayil), which denotes strength, efficiency, and capability. These men were not only physically strong but also morally and spiritually upright. This highlights the biblical principle that leaders should possess integrity and competence, serving as role models for others.

from all Israel
This phrase underscores the inclusivity of Moses' selection. Leaders were chosen from the entire nation, representing a diverse cross-section of the people. This reflects the biblical ideal of unity and the importance of involving various perspectives within the body of Christ.

and made them heads over the people
The word "heads" comes from the Hebrew "רֹאשׁ" (rosh), meaning chief or leader. Moses appointed these men to positions of authority, indicating a structured and organized approach to governance. This mirrors the New Testament church's structure, where elders and deacons are appointed to oversee and serve the congregation.

as leaders of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties, and of tens
This hierarchical system of leadership is both practical and efficient. It allowed for effective management and ensured that the needs of the people were met at every level. The division into thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens suggests a scalable model of leadership that can be adapted to various contexts, emphasizing the importance of order and accountability in any community or organization.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Moses
The central figure in this passage, Moses is the leader of the Israelites, chosen by God to deliver His people from Egypt. Here, he is implementing a system of governance based on advice from his father-in-law, Jethro.

2. Able Men
These are the individuals selected by Moses to serve as leaders. They are characterized by their capability and integrity, chosen to help manage the affairs of the people.

3. Israel
The nation of God's chosen people, who are in the wilderness journeying towards the Promised Land. This event takes place during their exodus from Egypt.

4. Jethro
Moses' father-in-law, who advised Moses to delegate responsibilities to prevent burnout and ensure effective leadership.

5. Leadership Structure
The system of governance established by Moses, which includes leaders over thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens, creating a hierarchical structure for managing the people.
Teaching Points
Delegation and Leadership
Effective leadership often requires delegation. Moses' decision to appoint leaders over various groups demonstrates the importance of sharing responsibilities to maintain order and efficiency.

Qualifications for Leadership
The selection of "able men" highlights the need for leaders to possess integrity, wisdom, and capability. This principle is applicable in both spiritual and secular contexts today.

Preventing Burnout
Jethro's advice to Moses underscores the importance of self-care and sustainable leadership practices. Leaders should seek support and share burdens to avoid exhaustion.

Community and Order
The structured leadership model reflects God's desire for order within His community. This order facilitates justice, peace, and effective governance among His people.

Biblical Model for Church Leadership
The passage provides a biblical precedent for church governance, emphasizing the need for a structured approach to leadership that allows for spiritual growth and effective ministry.
Bible Study Questions
1. What qualities did Moses look for in the "able men" he chose, and how can these qualities be applied to selecting leaders in the church today?

2. How does the delegation of responsibilities in Exodus 18:25 compare to the appointment of deacons in Acts 6? What can we learn from these examples about managing church affairs?

3. In what ways can modern Christian leaders apply the principle of delegation to prevent burnout and ensure effective ministry?

4. How does the leadership structure established by Moses reflect God's character and His desire for order among His people?

5. Reflect on a time when you had to delegate responsibilities. What challenges did you face, and how did you ensure that the tasks were completed effectively? How can this experience inform your understanding of biblical leadership?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Deuteronomy 1:9-18
This passage recounts Moses' retelling of the event, emphasizing the importance of wise and understanding leaders.

Acts 6:1-7
The early church faced a similar need for delegation, leading to the appointment of deacons to manage practical matters, allowing the apostles to focus on prayer and ministry of the word.

1 Timothy 3:1-13
Paul outlines the qualifications for church leaders, echoing the need for capable and godly individuals to lead.
Jethro's AdviceD. Young Exodus 18:13-26
Good Counsel Well TakenJ. Urquhart Exodus 18:13-27
The Appointment of JudgesJ. Orr Exodus 18:13-27
The Economy of ForceH.T. Robjohns Exodus 18:17-27
People
Aaron, Egyptians, Eliezer, Gershom, Jethro, Moses, Pharaoh, Zipporah
Places
Egypt, Midian, Rephidim
Topics
Ability, Able, Capable, Captains, Chiefs, Chooseth, Chose, Fifties, Heads, Hundreds, Leaders, Maketh, Officials, Rulers, Selection, Tens, Thousands
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Exodus 18:13-26

     5054   responsibility, examples
     5358   judges
     8438   giving, of time

Exodus 18:14-27

     5685   fathers, responsibilities

Exodus 18:21-26

     7719   elders, as leaders

Exodus 18:24-25

     8410   decision-making, examples

Exodus 18:25-26

     5270   court

Library
The Ideal Statesman [Footnote: Preached on Occasion of Mr. Gladstone's Death. ]
'Thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such as fear God, men of truth, hating covetousness; and place such over them.'--EXODUS xviii. 21. You will have anticipated my purpose in selecting this text. I should be doing violence to your feelings and mine if I made no reference to the event which has united the Empire and the world in one sentiment. The great tree has fallen, and the crash has for the moment silenced all the sounds of the forest. Wars abroad and controversies at home are
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Gershom and Eliezer
'The name of the one [of Moses' sons] was Gershom ... and the name of the other was Eliezer....'--EXODUS xviii. 3, 4. In old times parents often used to give expression to their hopes or their emotions in the names of their children. Very clearly that was the case in Moses' naming of his two sons, who seem to have been the whole of his family. The significance of each name is appended to it in the text. The explanation of the first is, 'For he said, I have been an alien in a strange land'; and that
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Origin and Growth of Law.
MOSES' WORK AS JUDGE AND PROPHET.--Ex. 18; 1-27; 33:5-11. Parallel References. Hist. Bible I, 198-203. Prin. of Politics, Ch. VI. Maine, Ancient Law. Jehovah spake to Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend--Ex. 33: 11. And Moses chose able men out of all Israel, and made them heads over the people, rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens. And they judged the people at all seasons: the hard cases they brought unto Moses, but every small
Charles Foster Kent—The Making of a Nation

The Development of the Earlier Old Testament Laws
[Sidenote: First the principle, and then the detailed laws] If the canon of the New Testament had remained open as long as did that of the Old, there is little doubt that it also would have contained many laws, legal precedents, and ecclesiastical histories. From the writings of the Church Fathers and the records of the Catholic Church it is possible to conjecture what these in general would have been. The early history of Christianity illustrates the universal fact that the broad principles are
Charles Foster Kent—The Origin & Permanent Value of the Old Testament

That the Ruler Relax not his Care for the Things that are Within in his Occupation among the Things that are Without, nor Neglect to Provide
The ruler should not relax his care for the things that are within in his occupation among the things that are without, nor neglect to provide for the things that are without in his solicitude for the things that are within; lest either, given up to the things that are without, he fall away from his inmost concerns, or, occupied only with the things that are within bestow not on his neighbours outside himself what he owes them. For it is often the case that some, as if forgetting that they have
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

Opposition to Messiah Ruinous
Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; Thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel T here is a species of the sublime in writing, which seems peculiar to the Scripture, and of which, properly, no subjects but those of divine revelation are capable, With us, things inconsiderable in themselves are elevated by splendid images, which give them an apparent importance beyond what they can justly claim. Thus the poet, when describing a battle among bees, by a judicious selection of epithets
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 2

Easter Tuesday
Second Sermon. Same Text. Acts 13, 26-39. THE WORD AND THE RESURRECTION.[1] [Footnote 1: This sermon appeared first in the Church Postil, the Explanation of the Epistle and Gospel Texts from Easter to Advent. Printed by Hans Lufft, Wittenberg, 1559.] 1. This sermon was preached by Paul in the synagogue at Antioch of Pisidia, where were gathered with the Jews some Greek converts. Wherever in a city Jews were to be found, there also were their synagogues in which they taught and preached; and many
Martin Luther—Epistle Sermons, Vol. II

After the Scripture.
"In the day that God created man, in the likeness of God created He him."--Gen. v. 1. In the preceding pages we have shown that the translation, "in Our image," actually means, "after Our image." To make anything in an image is no language; it is unthinkable, logically untrue. We now proceed to show how it should be translated, and give our reason for it. We begin with citing some passages from the Old Testament in which occurs the preposition "B" which, in Gen. i. 27, stands before image, where
Abraham Kuyper—The Work of the Holy Spirit

Appendix xii. The Baptism of Proselytes
ONLY those who have made study of it can have any idea how large, and sometimes bewildering, is the literature on the subject of Jewish Proselytes and their Baptism. Our present remarks will be confined to the Baptism of Proselytes. 1. Generally, as regards proselytes (Gerim) we have to distinguish between the Ger ha-Shaar (proselyte of the gate) and Ger Toshabh (sojourner,' settled among Israel), and again the Ger hatstsedeq (proselyte of righteousness) and Ger habberith (proselyte of the covenant).
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Exodus
The book of Exodus--so named in the Greek version from the march of Israel out of Egypt--opens upon a scene of oppression very different from the prosperity and triumph in which Genesis had closed. Israel is being cruelly crushed by the new dynasty which has arisen in Egypt (i.) and the story of the book is the story of her redemption. Ultimately it is Israel's God that is her redeemer, but He operates largely by human means; and the first step is the preparation of a deliverer, Moses, whose parentage,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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