Esther 2:3

and let the king appoint commissioners in each province of his kingdom to assemble all the beautiful young women into the harem at the citadel of Susa. Let them be placed under the care of Hegai, the king's eunuch in charge of the women, and let them be given beauty treatments.

Study Bible

and let the king appoint commissioners in each province of his kingdom
This phrase highlights the vastness of King Xerxes' (Ahasuerus) empire, which stretched from India to Cush, encompassing 127 provinces. The appointment of commissioners indicates a structured and organized administration. This reflects the Persian Empire's historical reputation for efficient governance. The use of commissioners also underscores the king's authority and the centralized power he wielded over his vast domain.

to assemble all the beautiful young women into the harem
The gathering of young women into the harem was a common practice in ancient Near Eastern monarchies, where kings often had multiple wives and concubines. This practice was not only for personal pleasure but also for political alliances and ensuring a royal lineage. The emphasis on beauty reflects the cultural values of the time, where physical appearance was highly prized. This event sets the stage for Esther's introduction, a pivotal moment in the narrative.

at the citadel of Susa
Susa was one of the Persian Empire's capitals and a significant city in ancient Mesopotamia. Archaeological excavations have uncovered the grandeur of the citadel, which served as a royal residence and administrative center. The choice of Susa as the location for the harem underscores its importance and strategic position within the empire. The citadel's mention situates the story within a real historical and geographical context.

Let them be placed under the care of Hegai, the king’s eunuch in charge of the women
Hegai, as a eunuch, was entrusted with the care of the women in the harem, a common practice to ensure loyalty and prevent any threat to the king's lineage. Eunuchs often held significant positions in royal courts due to their perceived trustworthiness. Hegai's role is crucial as he becomes a key figure in Esther's journey, showing favor to her, which is a divine orchestration in the narrative.

and let them be given beauty treatments
The beauty treatments reflect the cultural emphasis on physical appearance and preparation for presentation to the king. These treatments likely included cosmetics, perfumes, and other forms of grooming, which were common in ancient royal courts. This process symbolizes a period of transformation and preparation, paralleling spiritual themes of purification and readiness for a divine purpose. Esther's compliance with these treatments foreshadows her rise to favor and her pivotal role in God's plan for His people.

Persons / Places / Events

1. King Ahasuerus (Xerxes I)
The Persian king who ruled over 127 provinces from India to Cush. He is the central figure in the book of Esther, known for his opulent lifestyle and decisive actions.

2. Commissioners
Officials appointed by King Ahasuerus to carry out his decree across the provinces. Their role was to gather the young women for the king's harem.

3. Susa (Shushan)
The capital city of the Persian Empire where the king's palace was located. It is the setting for much of the book of Esther.

4. Hegai
The king’s eunuch in charge of the harem. He was responsible for the care and preparation of the women brought to the palace.

5. The Harem
A secluded part of the royal palace where the women lived. It was a place of preparation and waiting for those chosen to be presented to the king.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty in Unlikely Circumstances
Even in a pagan empire, God is at work behind the scenes, orchestrating events for His purposes. Trust in God's sovereignty, even when circumstances seem beyond our control.

The Role of Preparation
The beauty treatments symbolize preparation. In our spiritual lives, preparation through prayer, study, and obedience is crucial for fulfilling God's purposes.

Cultural Context and God's Plan
Understanding the cultural context of Esther helps us see how God can use any situation for His glory. We should seek to understand our own cultural context to better serve God's mission.

The Value of Inner Beauty
While the focus in Esther 2:3 is on physical beauty, Scripture consistently emphasizes the importance of inner beauty and character. Cultivate a heart that reflects God's love and righteousness.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the appointment of commissioners in Esther 2:3 demonstrate the organizational structure of the Persian Empire, and what can we learn about God's use of human systems for His purposes?

2. In what ways does the account of Esther parallel other biblical accounts where individuals are placed in foreign courts? How does this encourage us in our own "foreign" environments?

3. How can we apply the concept of preparation seen in Esther 2:3 to our spiritual lives today? What specific steps can we take to prepare ourselves for God's calling?

4. Considering the cultural emphasis on beauty in Esther 2:3, how can we balance cultural expectations with biblical values in our own lives?

5. Reflect on a time when you saw God's sovereignty at work in an unexpected situation. How did that experience shape your faith and understanding of God's plan?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 12
The account of Sarah being taken into Pharaoh's palace parallels the gathering of women in Esther, highlighting themes of divine protection and providence.

Daniel 1
Daniel and his friends were also taken to a foreign court and underwent a period of preparation, similar to the beauty treatments in Esther.

1 Samuel 16
The anointing of David, where God looks at the heart rather than outward appearance, contrasts with the focus on beauty in Esther 2:3.