Deuteronomy 24:1

If a man marries a woman, but she becomes displeasing to him because he finds some indecency in her, he may write her a certificate of divorce, hand it to her, and send her away from his house.

Study Bible

If a man marries a woman
In ancient Israel, marriage was a covenantal relationship, often arranged by families. It was a legal and social contract, reflecting the union between God and His people. The marriage covenant is foundational in Scripture, symbolizing the relationship between Christ and the Church (Ephesians 5:31-32).

but she becomes displeasing to him
The term "displeasing" indicates a subjective judgment by the husband. In the cultural context, this reflects the patriarchal society where men held significant authority over family matters. The Hebrew word used here can imply a broad range of dissatisfaction, not limited to moral failings.

because he finds some indecency in her
"Indecency" is a key term, often debated among scholars. It suggests a moral or physical defect, but not necessarily adultery, which was punishable by death (Leviticus 20:10). The ambiguity of "indecency" led to varied interpretations among Jewish rabbis, influencing later teachings on divorce.

he may write her a certificate of divorce
The certificate of divorce was a legal document, providing the woman with the right to remarry. This practice distinguished Israelite law from other ancient Near Eastern cultures, offering some protection to the woman. Jesus references this provision in Matthew 19:7-8, highlighting the hardness of human hearts.

hand it to her
The act of handing the certificate signifies a formal and legal process. It underscores the seriousness of divorce, requiring deliberate action. This procedure ensured that the woman was officially released from the marriage covenant.

and send her away from his house
Sending her away reflects the finality of the divorce. In the historical context, a woman's security and social standing were tied to her husband's household. This phrase underscores the gravity of divorce, as it left the woman vulnerable, emphasizing the need for the certificate to protect her rights.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The author of Deuteronomy, delivering God's laws to the Israelites.

2. Israelites
The audience receiving the law, God's chosen people, preparing to enter the Promised Land.

3. Marriage
The covenant relationship between a man and a woman, central to the social structure of Israel.

4. Divorce
The legal dissolution of marriage, addressed here with specific conditions.

5. Certificate of Divorce
A formal document required to legally end a marriage, providing protection and rights to the woman.

Teaching Points

Understanding the Context
Recognize that Deuteronomy 24:1 was given in a specific cultural and historical context where divorce was already practiced. The law aimed to regulate and protect, not endorse divorce.

The Sanctity of Marriage
Marriage is a sacred covenant designed by God. This passage underscores the seriousness of entering and maintaining this covenant.

The Role of the Heart
Jesus highlights that the allowance for divorce was due to the hardness of human hearts. Believers are called to cultivate hearts that align with God's original design for marriage.

Legal Protections and Compassion
The requirement of a certificate of divorce was a legal protection for women, ensuring their rights and dignity. This reflects God's concern for justice and compassion.

Reflecting Christ in Marriage
Christian marriages should strive to reflect the love, commitment, and sacrifice exemplified by Christ and the Church.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the historical and cultural context of Deuteronomy 24:1 help us interpret its meaning today?

2. In what ways does Jesus' teaching in Matthew 19:3-9 expand upon or clarify the principles found in Deuteronomy 24:1?

3. How can we apply the principle of protecting the vulnerable, as seen in the requirement for a certificate of divorce, in our relationships today?

4. What steps can we take to ensure our marriages reflect the love and commitment described in Ephesians 5:25-33?

5. How can the church support individuals and couples in upholding the sanctity of marriage while also offering grace and support to those who have experienced divorce?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 19:3-9
Jesus references this passage when discussing the nature of marriage and divorce, emphasizing the original intent of marriage and the hardness of human hearts.

Malachi 2:16
God expresses His disdain for divorce, highlighting the importance of faithfulness in marriage.

Genesis 2:24
Establishes the foundational principle of marriage as a union where a man and woman become one flesh.

1 Corinthians 7:10-11
Paul provides guidance on marriage and divorce, urging reconciliation and commitment.

Ephesians 5:25-33
Describes the ideal of marriage as a reflection of Christ's relationship with the Church, emphasizing love and sacrifice.