Deuteronomy 20:10

When you approach a city to fight against it, you are to make an offer of peace.

Study Bible

When you approach a city
This phrase sets the stage for the Israelites' conduct in warfare, specifically in the context of approaching a city. The Hebrew word for "approach" is "qarab," which implies drawing near with intention. Historically, cities in ancient times were often fortified and served as centers of power and culture. The Israelites, under divine instruction, were to engage with these cities not with immediate hostility but with a strategic and moral approach. This reflects God's desire for His people to be distinct in their conduct, even in warfare, emphasizing a thoughtful and deliberate engagement rather than impulsive aggression.

to fight against it
The phrase acknowledges the reality of conflict and the necessity of warfare in certain circumstances. The Hebrew root "lacham" for "fight" conveys the idea of engaging in battle or struggle. In the ancient Near Eastern context, warfare was a common means of resolving disputes and expanding territories. However, the inclusion of this phrase within the broader context of offering peace first highlights a divine mandate for restraint and the pursuit of peace before resorting to violence. This reflects a higher moral standard expected of the Israelites, setting them apart from the surrounding nations.

you are to make an offer of peace
This directive is central to the verse and reveals God's heart for reconciliation and peace. The Hebrew word "shalom" for "peace" encompasses not just the absence of conflict but a state of wholeness and harmony. Offering peace before engaging in battle demonstrates a commitment to valuing life and seeking resolution without unnecessary bloodshed. This command underscores the importance of diplomacy and the potential for peaceful coexistence, even with those who might be perceived as enemies. It serves as a reminder of God's overarching desire for His people to be peacemakers, reflecting His character and intentions for humanity.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Israelites
The people receiving the instructions from God through Moses. They are preparing to enter the Promised Land and are given guidelines for warfare.

2. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who is delivering God's laws and instructions to the people before they enter the Promised Land.

3. Canaan
The land that the Israelites are about to enter and conquer, as promised by God. The cities within Canaan are the immediate context for these instructions.

4. Cities of Canaan
The specific targets of the Israelites' military campaigns. These cities are to be approached with an offer of peace before any attack.

5. God
The ultimate authority giving these instructions, emphasizing His desire for peace and justice even in times of war.

Teaching Points

God's Priority on Peace
Even in warfare, God prioritizes peace. This reflects His character and desire for reconciliation over conflict.

Principle of Offering Peace
Before engaging in conflict, seek peaceful resolutions. This principle can be applied in personal relationships, business dealings, and community interactions.

Obedience to God's Commands
The Israelites were to follow God's instructions precisely. This teaches us the importance of obedience to God's Word in all areas of life.

God's Justice and Mercy
Offering peace first demonstrates God's justice and mercy, providing an opportunity for repentance and reconciliation.

Spiritual Warfare
In spiritual battles, we are called to approach situations with a heart of peace, using prayer and the Word of God as our primary tools.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the instruction to offer peace first reflect God's character, and how can we apply this in our daily interactions?

2. In what ways can we seek peace in our personal conflicts, and what steps can we take to ensure we are following this biblical principle?

3. How does the account of the Gibeonites in Joshua 9 illustrate the importance of seeking peace, and what can we learn from their approach?

4. How can the teachings of Jesus in the New Testament about peacemaking inform our understanding of Deuteronomy 20:10?

5. What are some practical ways we can demonstrate obedience to God's commands in our lives, especially in situations of potential conflict?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 5:9
Jesus' teaching on peacemakers being blessed connects to the principle of offering peace first, showing continuity in God's desire for peace.

Romans 12:18
Paul's exhortation to live at peace with everyone as much as possible echoes the instruction to offer peace before conflict.

Joshua 9
The account of the Gibeonites who sought peace with Israel, illustrating the practical application of this command.

Proverbs 16:7
The idea that when a person's ways please the Lord, He makes even their enemies to be at peace with them, reflecting the potential outcome of offering peace.