Deuteronomy 20:10

When you approach a city to fight against it, you are to make an offer of peace.

Study Bible

When you approach a city to fight against it
This phrase sets the context of warfare, which was a common aspect of life in the ancient Near East. The Israelites, under God's command, were entering the Promised Land, a region inhabited by various Canaanite tribes. The approach to a city signifies the beginning of a military campaign. Historically, cities were often fortified, and approaching them required strategic planning. This directive reflects the broader biblical theme of God’s sovereignty in granting the Israelites victory over their enemies, as seen in Joshua's conquests (Joshua 6-12). The approach also symbolizes the spiritual battles believers face, where preparation and reliance on God are crucial.

to fight against it
The act of fighting against a city indicates a divinely sanctioned military action. In the context of Deuteronomy, this was part of God's judgment against the Canaanite nations due to their idolatry and wickedness (Deuteronomy 9:4-5). The Israelites were instruments of divine justice, a theme echoed in the New Testament where believers are called to spiritual warfare against sin and evil (Ephesians 6:12). The historical context shows that warfare was a means of survival and expansion, but for Israel, it was also a means of fulfilling God's covenant promises.

you are to make an offer of peace
This instruction highlights the importance of seeking peace before engaging in conflict. It reflects God's character as a God of peace (Romans 15:33) and His desire for reconciliation. The offer of peace can be seen as a type of Christ, who offers peace and reconciliation to humanity (Colossians 1:20). In the ancient world, such offers were not uncommon, serving as a diplomatic gesture to avoid unnecessary bloodshed. This principle is echoed in the New Testament, where believers are encouraged to live peaceably with all (Romans 12:18). The offer of peace also underscores the mercy and patience of God, providing an opportunity for repentance and submission before judgment.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Israelites
The people receiving the instructions from God through Moses. They are preparing to enter the Promised Land and are given guidelines for warfare.

2. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who is delivering God's laws and instructions to the people before they enter the Promised Land.

3. Canaan
The land that the Israelites are about to enter and conquer, as promised by God. The cities within Canaan are the immediate context for these instructions.

4. Cities of Canaan
The specific targets of the Israelites' military campaigns. These cities are to be approached with an offer of peace before any attack.

5. God
The ultimate authority giving these instructions, emphasizing His desire for peace and justice even in times of war.

Teaching Points

God's Priority on Peace
Even in warfare, God prioritizes peace. This reflects His character and desire for reconciliation over conflict.

Principle of Offering Peace
Before engaging in conflict, seek peaceful resolutions. This principle can be applied in personal relationships, business dealings, and community interactions.

Obedience to God's Commands
The Israelites were to follow God's instructions precisely. This teaches us the importance of obedience to God's Word in all areas of life.

God's Justice and Mercy
Offering peace first demonstrates God's justice and mercy, providing an opportunity for repentance and reconciliation.

Spiritual Warfare
In spiritual battles, we are called to approach situations with a heart of peace, using prayer and the Word of God as our primary tools.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the instruction to offer peace first reflect God's character, and how can we apply this in our daily interactions?

2. In what ways can we seek peace in our personal conflicts, and what steps can we take to ensure we are following this biblical principle?

3. How does the account of the Gibeonites in Joshua 9 illustrate the importance of seeking peace, and what can we learn from their approach?

4. How can the teachings of Jesus in the New Testament about peacemaking inform our understanding of Deuteronomy 20:10?

5. What are some practical ways we can demonstrate obedience to God's commands in our lives, especially in situations of potential conflict?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 5:9
Jesus' teaching on peacemakers being blessed connects to the principle of offering peace first, showing continuity in God's desire for peace.

Romans 12:18
Paul's exhortation to live at peace with everyone as much as possible echoes the instruction to offer peace before conflict.

Joshua 9
The account of the Gibeonites who sought peace with Israel, illustrating the practical application of this command.

Proverbs 16:7
The idea that when a person's ways please the Lord, He makes even their enemies to be at peace with them, reflecting the potential outcome of offering peace.