1 Samuel 23:19

Then the Ziphites came up to Saul at Gibeah and said, "Is not David hiding among us in the strongholds at Horesh, on the hill of Hachilah south of Jeshimon?

Study Bible

Then the Ziphites came up to Saul at Gibeah
The Ziphites were inhabitants of the region of Ziph, located in the Judean wilderness. This area was known for its rugged terrain, making it a suitable place for David to hide. The Ziphites' decision to approach Saul indicates their loyalty to the king, possibly motivated by a desire for favor or fear of retribution. Gibeah, Saul's hometown and royal residence, was the center of his power. This act of betrayal by the Ziphites highlights the political tensions and shifting allegiances during Saul's reign.

and said, “Is not David hiding among us
David, anointed by Samuel as the future king of Israel, was on the run from Saul, who saw him as a threat to his throne. The Ziphites' question implies they were aware of David's presence and chose to inform Saul, perhaps to curry favor with the king. This reflects the broader theme of David's persecution and the testing of his faith and character during his time in the wilderness.

in the strongholds at Horesh
Horesh was a location in the wilderness of Ziph, characterized by its natural fortifications. These strongholds provided David with protection and a strategic advantage against Saul's forces. The mention of strongholds underscores the constant danger David faced and his reliance on God's guidance and provision for safety.

on the hill of Hachilah
The hill of Hachilah was a specific geographical feature in the wilderness of Ziph. Its mention provides a precise location for David's hiding place, emphasizing the detailed knowledge the Ziphites had of the area. This detail also highlights the challenges David faced in remaining hidden and the persistent threat posed by Saul's pursuit.

south of Jeshimon?
Jeshimon refers to a desolate or desert area, further emphasizing the harsh conditions David endured while evading Saul. The wilderness setting serves as a backdrop for David's spiritual growth and dependence on God. This phrase also connects to the broader biblical theme of the wilderness as a place of testing and preparation, seen in the experiences of figures like Moses and Jesus.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Ziphites
The inhabitants of Ziph, a town in the territory of Judah. They played a significant role in betraying David's location to King Saul.

2. Saul
The first king of Israel, who was in pursuit of David due to jealousy and fear of losing his throne.

3. David
The anointed future king of Israel, who was on the run from Saul and seeking refuge in various strongholds.

4. Horesh
A wooded area in the wilderness of Ziph where David sought refuge.

5. Hill of Hachilah
A specific location in the wilderness of Ziph where David was hiding.

6. Jeshimon
A desert area south of the hill of Hachilah, indicating the general region where David was hiding.

Teaching Points

Trust in God's Sovereignty
Despite betrayal and danger, David trusted in God's plan and protection. We are encouraged to rely on God's sovereignty in our own trials.

Responding to Betrayal
David's experience with the Ziphites teaches us to respond to betrayal with faith and integrity, seeking God's guidance rather than revenge.

The Importance of Prayer
David's life demonstrates the power of prayer in times of distress. We should cultivate a habit of turning to God in prayer when facing challenges.

God's Faithfulness
Even when others fail us, God remains faithful. David's deliverance from Saul's pursuit is a testament to God's unwavering faithfulness.

Community and Loyalty
The Ziphites' betrayal highlights the importance of loyalty and the impact of community decisions. We should strive to be supportive and faithful within our communities.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's response to the Ziphites' betrayal reflect his character and faith in God?

2. In what ways can we apply David's trust in God's sovereignty to our own lives when facing difficult situations?

3. How does the account of David and the Ziphites challenge us to respond to those who may betray or oppose us?

4. What can we learn from David's reliance on prayer during his time in the wilderness, and how can we incorporate similar practices in our daily lives?

5. How does the account of 1 Samuel 23:19 connect with Jesus' teachings in the New Testament, particularly regarding loving our enemies and trusting in God's justice?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Psalm 54
This Psalm is attributed to David during the time the Ziphites betrayed him to Saul. It reflects David's reliance on God for deliverance.

1 Samuel 24
Following the events of 1 Samuel 23, David spares Saul's life, demonstrating his respect for God's anointed and his trust in God's justice.

Matthew 5:44
Jesus' teaching on loving enemies can be seen in David's response to Saul's pursuit, as David refrains from harming Saul despite being wronged.