1 Samuel 20:28

Jonathan answered, "David urgently requested my permission to go to Bethlehem,

Study Bible

Jonathan answered
Jonathan, the son of King Saul and a close friend of David, is speaking here. His loyalty to David is significant, as it demonstrates a deep bond that transcends familial allegiance. Jonathan's role as a mediator between Saul and David highlights the tension between his loyalty to his father and his friendship with David. This moment reflects Jonathan's integrity and willingness to protect David, even at personal risk.

David urgently requested
David's request is described as urgent, indicating the seriousness of the situation. This urgency reflects the danger David perceives from Saul, who has become increasingly hostile towards him. The urgency also underscores David's need to act quickly to ensure his safety. This moment is part of a larger narrative where David is often on the run from Saul, showcasing the trials he faces before becoming king.

my permission
Jonathan's role in granting permission suggests a level of authority or influence he holds, possibly due to his position as the king's son. It also indicates the trust and respect between Jonathan and David. This request for permission highlights the cultural norms of the time, where seeking approval from a superior or peer was a sign of respect and protocol.

to go to Bethlehem
Bethlehem, David's hometown, is significant both geographically and theologically. It is located in the territory of Judah and is later known as the birthplace of Jesus Christ, linking David's story to the messianic prophecy. David's return to Bethlehem can be seen as a strategic move to seek refuge among his kin. Bethlehem's mention here foreshadows its future importance in biblical history as the City of David and the birthplace of the Messiah.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. Known for his loyalty and integrity, Jonathan plays a crucial role in protecting David from Saul's wrath.

2. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel. At this point in the account, David is fleeing from King Saul, who seeks to kill him out of jealousy and fear of losing his throne.

3. Saul
The first king of Israel, who becomes increasingly paranoid and hostile towards David, seeing him as a threat to his reign.

4. Bethlehem
The hometown of David, located in the territory of Judah. It is significant as the birthplace of David and later, Jesus Christ.

5. The New Moon Festival
A religious observance in ancient Israel, marking the beginning of a new month. It was a time for sacrifices and communal meals, during which David's absence is noted.

Teaching Points

Loyalty and Friendship
Jonathan's actions demonstrate the importance of loyalty and selfless friendship. True friends support and protect each other, even at personal risk.

Courage in Adversity
David's situation teaches us about courage and reliance on God when facing unjust persecution. Trusting in God's plan is crucial, even when circumstances seem dire.

The Role of Providence
God's providence is evident in the unfolding events. Despite Saul's intentions, God's plan for David's future kingship remains unthwarted, reminding us of God's sovereignty.

The Importance of Honesty
Jonathan's honest communication with Saul, despite the potential consequences, underscores the value of truthfulness in our relationships.

Family and Faith
The tension between Jonathan's loyalty to David and his relationship with Saul highlights the challenges of balancing family obligations with faithfulness to God's purposes.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jonathan's loyalty to David challenge us to evaluate our own friendships and commitments? What qualities make a friendship godly and enduring?

2. In what ways can we find courage and strength in God when facing opposition or persecution, as David did?

3. How does the account of David and Jonathan illustrate the concept of divine providence, and how can we apply this understanding to our own lives?

4. What lessons can we learn from Jonathan's honesty and integrity, especially when dealing with difficult family dynamics or authority figures?

5. How does the significance of Bethlehem in David's account foreshadow its importance in the New Testament, and what does this teach us about God's unfolding plan of redemption?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18-19
These chapters provide context for Saul's growing animosity towards David and Jonathan's covenant with David, highlighting the depth of their friendship and Jonathan's commitment to David's safety.

Psalm 59
Traditionally attributed to David during his time of fleeing from Saul, this psalm reflects David's trust in God's deliverance amidst persecution.

Matthew 2:1-6
Bethlehem is mentioned as the prophesied birthplace of the Messiah, connecting David's lineage to Jesus Christ.