1 Samuel 20:27

But on the day after the New Moon, the second day, David's place was still empty, and Saul asked his son Jonathan, "Why hasn't the son of Jesse come to the meal either yesterday or today?"

Study Bible

But the next day
This phrase sets the scene for the unfolding drama, indicating the passage of time and continuity in the narrative. In the Hebrew context, the concept of time is often linked with divine providence. The "next day" signifies a new opportunity for God's plan to unfold, reminding us of the importance of patience and trust in God's timing.

the second day of the new moon
The new moon was a significant time in the Hebrew calendar, often associated with religious observance and communal gatherings. The second day of the new moon would have been a continuation of these celebrations. This highlights the cultural and religious backdrop of the narrative, emphasizing the importance of community and tradition in Israelite society.

David’s place was empty again
David's absence is a critical element in the story, symbolizing tension and conflict. In Hebrew culture, sharing a meal was a sign of fellowship and peace. David's empty place underscores the broken relationship between him and Saul, and foreshadows the impending danger David faces. It serves as a reminder of the cost of standing for righteousness in the face of adversity.

and Saul said to his son Jonathan
This interaction between Saul and Jonathan is pivotal. Saul, the king, represents authority and power, while Jonathan, his son, symbolizes loyalty and friendship. Their dialogue reflects the internal conflict within Saul's family and kingdom. It reminds us of the challenges of navigating familial and spiritual allegiances.

Why hasn’t the son of Jesse
Saul's reference to David as "the son of Jesse" rather than by his name is telling. It reflects Saul's growing animosity and dehumanization of David. In the Hebrew tradition, names carry significant meaning and identity. By not using David's name, Saul distances himself from David, highlighting the deepening rift and Saul's jealousy.

come to the meal
The meal is more than just physical sustenance; it is a symbol of unity and covenant. In biblical times, sharing a meal was an act of peace and acceptance. David's absence from the meal signifies his alienation and the broken fellowship with Saul. It serves as a metaphor for the spiritual and relational discord that sin and jealousy can cause.

either yesterday or today?
Saul's inquiry about David's absence over two days indicates his growing suspicion and paranoia. The repetition of "yesterday or today" emphasizes Saul's obsession with David and his perceived threat to his throne. It serves as a cautionary tale about the destructive nature of envy and the importance of guarding one's heart against such emotions.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
Anointed by God to be the future king of Israel, David is currently in hiding due to King Saul's jealousy and intent to kill him.

2. Saul
The first king of Israel, who has become increasingly paranoid and hostile towards David, seeing him as a threat to his throne.

3. Jonathan
Saul's son and David's close friend, who is caught between his loyalty to his father and his covenant friendship with David.

4. New Moon Festival
A significant religious observance in ancient Israel, marking the beginning of the month with sacrifices and communal meals.

5. Jesse
David's father, often referred to by Saul as a way to diminish David's status.

Teaching Points

The Cost of Loyalty
Jonathan's loyalty to David, despite his father's hostility, teaches us about the cost and value of true friendship and loyalty. In our lives, we may face situations where our loyalty to God or others is tested.

God's Sovereignty in Adversity
David's absence from the feast and Saul's reaction remind us that God is sovereign even in difficult circumstances. We can trust that God is working behind the scenes for our good and His glory.

The Importance of Discernment
Jonathan's role in this account highlights the need for discernment in relationships and situations. We must seek God's wisdom to navigate complex interpersonal dynamics.

Faithfulness in Relationships
The covenant between Jonathan and David is a model of faithfulness. In our relationships, we are called to be faithful and uphold our commitments, reflecting God's faithfulness to us.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jonathan's loyalty to David challenge us in our own friendships and relationships today?

2. In what ways can we see God's hand at work in the midst of adversity, as seen in David's situation?

3. How can we apply the principle of discernment in our daily interactions and decisions?

4. What are some practical ways we can demonstrate faithfulness in our relationships, following the example of Jonathan and David?

5. How does understanding the cultural and religious significance of the New Moon Festival enhance our comprehension of this passage?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18:1-4
This passage describes the deep bond and covenant between Jonathan and David, highlighting the loyalty and love that Jonathan has for David, which is crucial in the context of 1 Samuel 20:27.

Psalm 59
Traditionally attributed to David during his time of fleeing from Saul, this psalm reflects David's trust in God amidst persecution.

Proverbs 17:17
This verse speaks to the nature of true friendship, which is exemplified in the relationship between Jonathan and David.