1 Samuel 18:4

And Jonathan removed the robe he was wearing and gave it to David, along with his tunic, his sword, his bow, and his belt.

Study Bible

Then Jonathan removed the robe he was wearing
The act of Jonathan removing his robe is deeply symbolic. In ancient Israel, a robe was not just a piece of clothing but a representation of one's status and identity. Jonathan, as the son of King Saul, wore a robe that signified his royal position and future as heir to the throne. By removing it, Jonathan is making a profound statement of humility and recognition of David's God-given destiny. The Hebrew word for "robe" (מְעִיל, me'il) often denotes a garment of significance, suggesting that Jonathan's gesture is one of great personal sacrifice and honor towards David.

and gave it to David
The act of giving the robe to David is an acknowledgment of David's future role and God's anointing upon him. In the cultural and historical context, such a gift would symbolize the transfer of authority or favor. Jonathan's actions demonstrate his selflessness and deep love for David, as well as his submission to God's will. This act of giving is reminiscent of the covenantal relationships seen throughout Scripture, where gifts often seal a bond or agreement.

along with his tunic
The tunic, or "kethoneth" in Hebrew, was a basic garment worn next to the skin. By giving David his tunic, Jonathan is further expressing his willingness to share his life and position with David. This gesture can be seen as an act of vulnerability and trust, as the tunic was a personal item. It signifies Jonathan's complete acceptance of David as a brother and ally, transcending any potential rivalry for the throne.

his sword
The sword is a symbol of power and protection. In the ancient Near East, a sword was not only a weapon but also a sign of one's ability to defend and lead. By giving David his sword, Jonathan is acknowledging David's role as a warrior and leader chosen by God. This act also signifies Jonathan's trust in David's leadership and his willingness to support David's future endeavors, even at the cost of his own claim to power.

his bow
The bow represents strength and skill in battle. In biblical times, a bow was a crucial weapon for warfare and hunting. Jonathan's gift of his bow to David is an acknowledgment of David's prowess and God's favor upon him. It also symbolizes Jonathan's commitment to support David in his battles, both physical and spiritual. This act of giving his bow is a testament to Jonathan's recognition of David's divine appointment as a leader of Israel.

and his belt
The belt, or "hagorah" in Hebrew, was used to secure garments and weapons, symbolizing readiness and strength. By giving David his belt, Jonathan is equipping David for the responsibilities and challenges ahead. The belt also signifies the binding nature of their covenant, as it holds everything together. Jonathan's gift of his belt to David is a powerful symbol of their unbreakable bond and mutual commitment to God's purposes.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jonathan
The son of King Saul, known for his deep friendship with David. Jonathan's actions in this verse demonstrate his loyalty and love for David, as well as his recognition of David's future as king.

2. David
The young shepherd who had been anointed by Samuel to be the future king of Israel. At this point in the account, David is gaining favor in Saul's court and forming a close bond with Jonathan.

3. Saul's Court
The setting of this event, where David is serving King Saul after his victory over Goliath. This is a place of political tension and divine orchestration, as God is preparing David for kingship.

4. The Robe and Weapons
Symbolic items that Jonathan gives to David, representing Jonathan's recognition of David's future role and his own submission to God's plan.

Teaching Points

Selflessness and Sacrifice
Jonathan's actions exemplify true friendship and selflessness. Believers are called to put others' needs before their own, reflecting Christ's love.

Recognizing God's Plan
Jonathan's willingness to give up his royal garments signifies his acceptance of God's plan for David. We should seek to discern and support God's will in the lives of others.

Covenant Relationships
The bond between Jonathan and David is a model for covenantal relationships, characterized by loyalty, love, and mutual support.

Symbolism of Clothing
In biblical times, clothing often symbolized identity and status. Jonathan's act of giving his robe to David signifies a transfer of honor and recognition of David's future role.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jonathan's act of giving his robe and weapons to David demonstrate his understanding of God's plan for Israel?

2. In what ways can we practice selflessness and sacrifice in our relationships today, following Jonathan's example?

3. How does the friendship between Jonathan and David challenge us to build deeper, covenantal relationships with others?

4. What are some modern-day "robes" or symbols of status that we might need to relinquish to support God's work in others' lives?

5. How can we discern and support God's plan in the lives of those around us, even when it might require personal sacrifice?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 20
Further explores the covenant between Jonathan and David, highlighting their mutual loyalty and Jonathan's willingness to protect David from Saul's wrath.

Philippians 2:3-4
Encourages believers to consider others above themselves, similar to Jonathan's selfless act of giving his royal garments to David.

John 15:13
Jesus speaks of the greatest love being to lay down one's life for friends, which parallels Jonathan's sacrificial friendship with David.