1 Chronicles 21:23
Ornan said to David, "My lord the king may take whatever seems good. Look, I will give the oxen for the burnt offerings, the threshing sledges for the wood, and the wheat for the grain offering--I will give it all."
Ornan said to David, "Take it!"
Ornan, also known as Araunah in 2 Samuel 24, was a Jebusite, indicating the diverse population of Jerusalem even after David's conquest. His willingness to give his threshing floor to David reflects a recognition of David's authority and possibly a reverence for the God of Israel. This act of generosity is significant in the context of ancient Near Eastern customs, where hospitality and gift-giving were highly valued.

May my lord the king do whatever seems good to him.
Ornan's deference to David underscores the king's authority and the respect he commanded. This phrase highlights the cultural norm of showing honor to a king, which was a common practice in monarchies of the ancient world. It also reflects Ornan's submission to God's chosen leader, acknowledging David's role in the divine plan.

Look, I will give the oxen for the burnt offerings,
The oxen were valuable assets, essential for agriculture and transportation. Offering them for burnt offerings signifies a sacrificial act of worship and atonement, as burnt offerings were meant to be wholly consumed by fire, symbolizing complete surrender to God. This foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who offered Himself wholly for the atonement of sin.

the threshing sledges for the wood,
Threshing sledges were tools used to separate grain from chaff, made of wood and embedded with stones or metal. Offering them as wood for the sacrifice indicates Ornan's willingness to give up essential tools of his livelihood. This act can be seen as a type of Christ, who gave up His life for humanity, providing the means for spiritual sustenance and purification.

and the wheat for the grain offering—
Wheat was a staple food and a symbol of sustenance and provision. The grain offering, or "minchah," was a tribute to God, often accompanying burnt offerings. It represents thanksgiving and dedication to God, paralleling the life of Christ, who is the "bread of life" (John 6:35), sustaining believers spiritually.

I will give it all."
Ornan's complete offering reflects a heart of generosity and submission to God's will. This mirrors the call for believers to offer themselves wholly to God (Romans 12:1). It also prefigures the total sacrifice of Christ, who gave His all for the redemption of humanity. This act of giving without reservation is a model of faith and obedience, emphasizing the importance of sacrificial giving in worship.

Persons / Places / Events
1. David
The King of Israel who seeks to build an altar to the LORD to stop a plague on Israel.

2. Ornan (Araunah)
A Jebusite who owns the threshing floor where David wishes to build the altar.

3. Threshing Floor
The location where David intends to offer sacrifices to God, which later becomes the site of Solomon's Temple.

4. Plague
A divine punishment on Israel due to David's census, which David seeks to end through sacrifice.

5. Burnt Offerings and Grain Offerings
Sacrificial offerings to God, symbolizing atonement and dedication.
Teaching Points
Generosity and Willingness to Give
Ornan's willingness to give everything needed for the sacrifice without cost reflects a heart of generosity and submission to God's purposes.

The Cost of Worship
David insists on paying for the threshing floor, teaching us that true worship often involves personal sacrifice and cost.

Obedience and Repentance
David's actions demonstrate the importance of obedience to God and repentance in the face of sin.

God's Sovereignty and Mercy
The cessation of the plague upon David's sacrifice illustrates God's control over events and His mercy in response to genuine repentance.

The Significance of Place
The threshing floor of Ornan becomes the site of the future temple, showing how God can transform ordinary places into sites of divine significance.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does Ornan's response to David's request challenge us in our own willingness to give to God and others?

2. What does David's insistence on paying for the threshing floor teach us about the nature of true worship and sacrifice?

3. In what ways can we apply the principle of costly worship in our daily lives?

4. How does the account of David and the plague illustrate the relationship between sin, repentance, and God's mercy?

5. How can we identify and honor the "threshing floors" in our lives—places or moments where God is calling us to deeper obedience and worship?
Connections to Other Scriptures
2 Samuel 24
This parallel account provides additional context to the events in 1 Chronicles 21, including David's repentance and the purchase of the threshing floor.

Genesis 22
The concept of sacrificial offerings is echoed in Abraham's willingness to sacrifice Isaac, highlighting themes of obedience and faith.

Hebrews 13:15-16
These verses discuss offering sacrifices of praise and doing good, connecting the physical sacrifices of the Old Testament to spiritual sacrifices in the New Testament.
Census ReflectionsW. Bramley Moore, M. A.1 Chronicles 21:1-30
David Numbering IsraelHomilist1 Chronicles 21:1-30
David's Self-ConfidenceR. D. B. Rawnsley.1 Chronicles 21:1-30
David's Sin and RepentanceClergyman's Magazine1 Chronicles 21:1-30
Man, Through God, Arresting the Great EvilsHomilist1 Chronicles 21:1-30
Sinful CountingJ. Parker, D. D.1 Chronicles 21:1-30
The Impotence of NumbersHarry Jones.1 Chronicles 21:1-30
Under a SpellW. Birch.1 Chronicles 21:1-30
Effects of David's SinF. Whitfield 1 Chronicles 21:7-18, 29, 30
The Arrested HandW. Clarkson 1 Chronicles 21:14-27
Ornan's Threshing-FloorF. Whitfield 1 Chronicles 21:18-27
A Cheap Religion no Religion At AllHomilist1 Chronicles 21:22-24
Sin and Mercy as Grounds of GratitudeW. Pakenham Welsh, D. D.1 Chronicles 21:22-24
The Cost and Self-Sacrifice of ReligionJ. Burns, D. D.1 Chronicles 21:22-24
The PropitiationJ. Wolfendale.1 Chronicles 21:22-24
The Threshing-Floor of OrnanSpurgeon, Charles Haddon1 Chronicles 21:22-24
People
Araunah, Benjamin, Dan, David, Gad, Gibeon, Israelites, Joab, Levi, Ornan
Places
Beersheba, Dan, Gath, Gibeon, Jerusalem
Topics
Behold, Burned, Burnt, Burnt-offering, Burnt-offerings, Cereal, David, Fire-wood, Grain, Grain-cleaning, Instruments, Meal, Meal-offering, Meat, Meat-offering, Oblation, Offering, Offerings, Ornan, Oxen, Pleases, Present, Seems, Sight, Sledges, Threshing, Threshing-instruments, Threshing-sledges, Whatever, Wheat, Wood
Dictionary of Bible Themes
1 Chronicles 21:23

     4522   threshing
     4552   wood

1 Chronicles 21:9-26

     4843   plague

1 Chronicles 21:15-26

     4524   threshing-floor

1 Chronicles 21:18-28

     4542   wheat

1 Chronicles 21:23-24

     5865   gestures

Library
"For what the Law could not Do, in that it was Weak through the Flesh, God Sending his Own Son in the Likeness of Sinful Flesh,
Rom. viii. 3.--"For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin condemned sin in the flesh." For what purpose do we meet thus together? I would we knew it,--then it might be to some better purpose. In all other things we are rational, and do nothing of moment without some end and purpose. But, alas! in this matter of greatest moment, our going about divine ordinances, we have scarce any distinct or deliberate
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

The Work of Jesus Christ as an Advocate,
CLEARLY EXPLAINED, AND LARGELY IMPROVED, FOR THE BENEFIT OF ALL BELIEVERS. 1 John 2:1--"And if any man sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous." By JOHN BUNYAN, Author of "The Pilgrim's Progress." London: Printed for Dorman Newman, at the King's Arms, in the Poultry, 1689. ADVERTISEMENT BY THE EDITOR. This is one of the most interesting of Bunyan's treatises, to edit which required the Bible at my right hand, and a law dictionary on my left. It was very frequently republished;
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

The Hardening in the Sacred Scripture.
"He hath hardened their heart."-- John xii. 40. The Scripture teaches positively that the hardening and "darkening of their foolish heart" is a divine, intentional act. This is plainly evident from God's charge to Moses concerning the king of Egypt: "Thou shalt speak all that I command thee; and I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt. But Pharaoh shall not harken unto you, and I will lay My hand upon Egypt, and the Egyptians shall know that I am the
Abraham Kuyper—The Work of the Holy Spirit

Chronicles
The comparative indifference with which Chronicles is regarded in modern times by all but professional scholars seems to have been shared by the ancient Jewish church. Though written by the same hand as wrote Ezra-Nehemiah, and forming, together with these books, a continuous history of Judah, it is placed after them in the Hebrew Bible, of which it forms the concluding book; and this no doubt points to the fact that it attained canonical distinction later than they. Nor is this unnatural. The book
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

Links
1 Chronicles 21:23 NIV
1 Chronicles 21:23 NLT
1 Chronicles 21:23 ESV
1 Chronicles 21:23 NASB
1 Chronicles 21:23 KJV

1 Chronicles 21:23 Commentaries

Bible Hub
1 Chronicles 21:22
Top of Page
Top of Page