How can we submit to each other?

Definition and Context of “Submission”

In Scripture, the term “submission” involves willingly yielding oneself for the benefit of others, acknowledging a shared dedication to mutual well-being. Though the English word “submit” can sometimes carry negative connotations, the biblical concept emphasizes humility, service, and love (Ephesians 5:21: “Submit to one another out of reverence for Christ.”). This perspective aligns with the understanding that genuine submission is not about domination but about a reciprocal commitment within the community of faith and beyond.

Biblical Foundation for Mutual Submission

1. Rooted in Christ’s Example

The clearest picture of submission is seen in Jesus Himself. Philippians 2:5–8 describes how Christ “emptied Himself” and took on the nature of a servant even to the point of the cross. His humility demonstrates not only submission to the will of the Father (Matthew 26:39) but also an invitation for believers to consider how they can likewise serve others.

2. Ephesians 5:21 in Context

Ephesians 5:21 calls believers to “Submit to one another out of reverence for Christ.” This directive immediately precedes instructions about relationships between husbands and wives, parents and children, and masters and servants (Ephesians 5:22–6:9). Paul’s overarching thesis is that mutual submission should guide every interpersonal dynamic in the believing community, reflecting Christ’s love and humility.

3. Old Testament Foundations

While “submission” as a direct term appears more frequently in the New Testament, the principle of mutual care is woven throughout the Old Testament as well. For instance, Moses allowed Jethro, his father-in-law, to guide him in setting up a system of delegation (Exodus 18:17–24). This act of listening and yielding to wise counsel is an Old Testament demonstration of a heart posture similar to submission.

Characteristics of Biblical Submission

1. Humility

Submitting to each other requires recognizing the dignity of others. Philippians 2:3 teaches: “Do nothing out of selfish ambition or empty pride, but in humility consider others more important than yourselves.” Such humility underlies an attitude of deference and respect, whether in church, family, or workplace relationships.

2. Love as the Binding Force

First Corinthians 13:4–7 underscores that love is patient, kind, and not self-seeking. True submission arises from genuine love, desiring what is best for the other person—even if it means setting aside personal preferences (1 Corinthians 10:24). As love becomes the motivation, submission no longer feels oppressive but rather liberating and community-building.

3. Servant-Leader Mindset

Jesus demonstrated a radical form of leadership when He washed His disciples’ feet (John 13:14–15). By performing a menial task normally assigned to the lowest servant, He showed that true leadership is inseparable from humble service. In the same way, believers should be ready to serve rather than seek positions of power.

Practical Expressions of Submission

1. Within the Family

Mutual submission begins in close relationships. Ephesians 5:22–33 and 6:1–4 show that the respect and love between spouses, and the nurturing care between parents and children, are practical ways to submit for the good of the whole family.

2. In the Workplace and Community

Submission is also relevant in social structures. Employees who respect their employers, and employers who treat workers with fairness, model a mutual, Christlike submission (Ephesians 6:5–9). Beyond workplaces, neighbors caring for each other’s needs reflect the biblical command to love one’s neighbor (Leviticus 19:18; Romans 13:9–10).

3. In the Church

The local congregation is meant to function as one body with many parts (1 Corinthians 12:12–27). When believers submit their gifts, time, and resources to serve and encourage others, the entire body thrives. First Peter 5:5 exhorts, “Young men, in the same way, submit yourselves to your elders. And all of you, clothe yourselves with humility toward one another….” This ensures healthy leadership while fostering mutual respect among all.

Addressing Common Concerns

1. Fear of Loss of Individuality

Some worry that submission leads to losing one’s identity. Yet biblical submission preserves individuality while directing the believer’s purpose toward unity and service. Rather than suppressing personal ideas, believers contribute unique gifts and perspectives in a way that honors the needs of others (Romans 12:4–8).

2. Misuse of Authority

A valid concern is that submission might enable abuse. Scripture addresses this by showing that proper submission operates in tandem with love, respect, and accountability. Leaders are instructed to shepherd the flock willingly, “not lording it over those entrusted to you” (1 Peter 5:3), underscoring a protective, nurturing leadership rather than oppressive control.

3. Balancing Freedom and Service

Believers are free in Christ (Galatians 5:1), yet this freedom is to be exercised in love, not for self-indulgence (Galatians 5:13). Balancing one’s God-given liberty with the call to serve builds a community where each person’s gifts can flourish while maintaining an ethos of mutual care.

Historical and Manuscript Witness

From ancient times, the principle of caring for one another is found in biblical texts that have been preserved through reliable manuscripts. The Dead Sea Scrolls, discovered in the mid-20th century, confirm significant portions of the Old Testament text, showcasing remarkable consistency that undergirds teachings on humility and service. Manuscript experts have noted that the early New Testament fragments align closely with the text we read today, reinforcing confidence that the apostolic instructions for mutual submission are preserved accurately.

Philosophical Reflections and Contemporary Insights

Many have observed that teams and communities flourish best when members prioritize each other’s strengths and contributions. This aligns with biblical teaching that encourages believers to “spur one another on to love and good deeds” (Hebrews 10:24). Modern behavioral science studies on group dynamics similarly indicate that collaborative attitudes produce healthier, more productive communities.

The Ultimate Purpose of Mutual Submission

According to biblical teaching, the ultimate goal in learning to submit to one another is to reflect the character of the Creator. By following Christ’s example, believers both imitate God’s love and testify to the reality of transformative grace. Jesus said, “By this all men will know that you are My disciples, if you love one another” (John 13:35). Submission, in this context, is an expression of love and reverence for God.

Practical Steps to Foster Mutual Submission

1. Cultivate a Heart of Prayer

Begin by asking for guidance and humility. A consistent prayer life opens believers to correction and leading from the Holy Spirit (James 4:10).

2. Seek God’s Word Daily

Regular study of Scripture informs how to submit to others in concrete ways. Passages like Romans 12:9–21 offer practical wisdom for loving and serving.

3. Engage in Open Communication

Clear, honest conversation allows for understanding and respect. Mutual submission flourishes where concerns can be addressed in love rather than ignored.

4. Practice Empathy

Strive to understand others’ perspectives and struggles. Philippians 2:4 reminds us: “Each of you should look not only to your own interests, but also to the interests of others.”

5. Serve Consistently

Find ways to help, whether through organized ministries, informal acts of kindness, or daily life interactions. Small acts of service embody Christlike humility.

Conclusion

Learning how to submit to each other is inseparably tied to a biblical worldview, one confirmed by the reliable witness of preserved manuscripts and the consistent teaching about humility and service throughout Scripture. Emphasizing unity, love, and gracious leadership, believers demonstrate the power of the transforming message they profess. Submitting to one another not only enhances individual and communal well-being but also testifies to the living reality of the One who said, “Whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant” (Matthew 20:26).