In the biblical narrative, names hold profound significance, often reflecting the character, destiny, or divine purpose associated with individuals. The practice of naming in the Bible is not merely a cultural or familial tradition but is deeply intertwined with theological and spiritual meanings.

Old Testament Examples

1. Adam and Eve: The name "Adam" is derived from the Hebrew word "adamah," meaning "ground" or "earth," signifying his creation from the dust of the ground (Genesis 2:7). Eve, or "Chavah" in Hebrew, means "living" or "life-giver," as she was "the mother of all the living" (Genesis 3:20).

2. Abraham and Sarah: Originally named Abram, meaning "exalted father," God changed his name to Abraham, meaning "father of many nations," to reflect the covenant promise (Genesis 17:5). Similarly, Sarai's name was changed to Sarah, meaning "princess," indicating her role in the divine promise (Genesis 17:15).

3. Isaac: The name Isaac, meaning "he laughs," is a reminder of both Abraham and Sarah's laughter at the promise of a son in their old age (Genesis 17:17; 18:12).

4. Jacob and Israel: Jacob, meaning "heel-grabber" or "supplanter," reflects his birth and early life. After wrestling with God, his name was changed to Israel, meaning "he struggles with God," signifying his transformation and the birth of a nation (Genesis 32:28).

5. Moses: Drawn from the water by Pharaoh's daughter, Moses' name is derived from the Hebrew "mashah," meaning "to draw out," foreshadowing his role in leading the Israelites out of Egypt (Exodus 2:10).

New Testament Examples

1. Jesus: The name Jesus, derived from the Hebrew "Yeshua," means "The LORD saves" or "The LORD is salvation." This name encapsulates His mission to save His people from their sins (Matthew 1:21).

2. Peter: Originally named Simon, Jesus renamed him Peter, meaning "rock," signifying the foundational role he would play in the early Church (Matthew 16:18).

3. Paul: Saul of Tarsus, after his conversion, became known as Paul, a name meaning "small" or "humble," reflecting his transformation and mission to the Gentiles (Acts 13:9).

Symbolic Themes in Names

1. Divine Encounters and Covenants: Names often mark significant encounters with God or the establishment of covenants. For instance, the renaming of Abram to Abraham and Jacob to Israel signifies divine intervention and promise.

2. Prophetic Significance: Names can carry prophetic meanings, as seen in the naming of Isaiah's sons, Shear-Jashub ("a remnant shall return") and Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz ("swift is the booty, speedy is the prey"), which were signs to Israel (Isaiah 7:3; 8:3).

3. Character and Destiny: Names often reflect the character or destiny of individuals. For example, Nabal, whose name means "fool," acts foolishly in his dealings with David (1 Samuel 25:25).

4. Divine Attributes and Worship: Names of God, such as Elohim, Yahweh, and El Shaddai, reveal His attributes and are central to worship and understanding His nature.

Conclusion

The symbolism of names in the Bible is a rich tapestry that reveals the interplay between divine sovereignty and human history. Through names, God communicates His purposes, promises, and the unfolding of His redemptive plan.