Subsistence
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Subsistence, in a biblical context, refers to the means by which individuals or communities sustain life, particularly through the provision of food, water, and other necessities. The concept of subsistence is deeply rooted in the Scriptures, reflecting God's provision and the human responsibility to work and steward resources.

Divine Provision

The Bible consistently emphasizes God's role as the ultimate provider of all necessities. In Genesis 1:29, God provides for humanity by giving "every seed-bearing plant on the face of all the earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it" for food. This initial provision underscores the abundance and sufficiency of God's creation for human sustenance.

In the wilderness, God provided manna and quail for the Israelites, demonstrating His ability to sustain His people even in desolate conditions (Exodus 16:4-15). This miraculous provision is a testament to God's faithfulness and care, as Moses reminds the Israelites in Deuteronomy 8:3, "He humbled you, causing you to hunger and then feeding you with manna, which neither you nor your fathers had known, to teach you that man does not live on bread alone but on every word that comes from the mouth of the LORD."

Human Responsibility

While God provides, the Bible also emphasizes human responsibility in working for sustenance. In Genesis 2:15, Adam is placed in the Garden of Eden "to work it and take care of it," indicating that labor is an integral part of God's design for humanity. The Apostle Paul reiterates this principle in 2 Thessalonians 3:10, stating, "If anyone is not willing to work, neither shall he eat."

The Proverbs offer wisdom on diligence and hard work as means of ensuring subsistence. Proverbs 12:11 declares, "He who works his land will have plenty of food, but whoever chases fantasies lacks judgment." This highlights the importance of industriousness and prudent management of resources.

Stewardship and Generosity

Subsistence is also linked to the biblical principle of stewardship. Believers are called to manage resources wisely and to share with those in need. In 1 Timothy 6:17-18, Paul instructs the wealthy "to do good, to be rich in good deeds, and to be generous and willing to share." This reflects the understanding that God's provision is not only for personal sustenance but also for the benefit of the community.

The early church exemplified this communal approach to subsistence in Acts 2:44-45, where "all the believers were together and had everything in common. They sold property and possessions to give to anyone who had need." This practice underscores the importance of generosity and mutual support within the body of Christ.

Faith and Trust

Ultimately, subsistence in the biblical sense is rooted in faith and trust in God's provision. Jesus teaches in Matthew 6:31-33, "So do not worry, saying, 'What shall we eat?' or 'What shall we drink?' or 'What shall we wear?'... But seek first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things will be added unto you." This passage encourages believers to prioritize their relationship with God, trusting that He will meet their needs.

In summary, the biblical concept of subsistence encompasses divine provision, human responsibility, stewardship, generosity, and faith. It reflects a holistic approach to sustaining life, grounded in the understanding that God is the ultimate source of all that is necessary for life and godliness.
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
1. (n.) That which furnishes support to life; means of support; livelihood; as, a meager subsistence.

2. (n.) Real being; existence.

3. (n.) Inherency; as, the subsistence of qualities in bodies.

4. (n.) Same as Hypostasis, 2.

Greek
1967. epiousios -- for the coming day, for subsistence
... for the coming day, for subsistence. Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration:
epiousios Phonetic Spelling: (ep-ee-oo'-see-os) Short Definition: for the morrow ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1967.htm - 7k

5223. huparxis -- subsistence, existence, property
... subsistence, existence, property. Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration:
huparxis Phonetic Spelling: (hoop'-arx-is) Short Definition: goods, substance ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/5223.htm - 7k

3993. penes -- one who works for his living
... poor. From a primary peno (to toil for daily subsistence); starving, ie Indigent --
poor. Compare ptochos. see GREEK ptochos. (penesin) -- 1 Occurrence. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3993.htm - 6k

Library

Concerning the one Compound Subsistence of God the Word.
... Book III. Chapter VII."Concerning the one compound subsistence of God
the Word. We hold then that the divine subsistence of God ...
/.../exposition of the orthodox faith/chapter vii concerning the one compound.htm

Whether "Person" is the Same as Hypostasis, Subsistence, and ...
... The definition of "person" Whether "person" is the same as hypostasis, subsistence,
and essence? ... Therefore "person" and "subsistence" mean the same. ...
/...//christianbookshelf.org/aquinas/summa theologica/whether person is the same.htm

In Reply to the Question Whether There is Nature that Has no ...
... Book III. Chapter IX."In reply to the question whether there is Nature
that has no Subsistence. For although [2038] there is no ...
/.../john/exposition of the orthodox faith/chapter ix in reply to the.htm

In Reply to those who Ask if Christ's Subsistence is Create or ...
... Book IV. Chapter V."In reply to those who ask if Christ's subsistence
is create or uncreate. The subsistence [2267] of God the ...
/.../john/exposition of the orthodox faith/chapter v in reply to those.htm

Now the Person in Each Declares the Independent Being and ...
... Section VIII. Now the person in each declares the independent being and subsistence.?
Now the person in each declares the independent being and subsistence. ...
/.../section viii now the person.htm

Concerning the Nature as viewed in Species and in Individual, and ...
... bond of union, and is then spoken of as nature viewed in species: or universally
as the same, but with the addition of accidents, in one subsistence, and is ...
/.../john/exposition of the orthodox faith/chapter xi concerning the nature as.htm

In Reply to those who Ask Whether the Natures of the Lord are ...
... For since they are one in respect of their essence they cannot be spoken of as two
natures, but as they differ in respect of subsistence they are spoken of as ...
/.../john/exposition of the orthodox faith/chapter viii in reply to those.htm

Concerning the Fact that the Divinity of the Word Remained ...
... the fact that the divinity of the Word remained inseparable from the soul and the
body, even at our Lord's death, and that His subsistence continued one. ...
/.../exposition of the orthodox faith/chapter xxvii concerning the fact that.htm

That in one of Its Subsistences the Divine Nature is United in Its ...
... What is common and general is predicated of the included particulars. Essence, then,
is common as being a form [1999] , while subsistence is particular. ...
/.../john/exposition of the orthodox faith/chapter vi that in one of.htm

Concerning the Number of the Natures.
... For although each has an independent existence, that is to say, is a perfect
subsistence and has an individuality of its own, that is, has a special mode of ...
/.../john/exposition of the orthodox faith/chapter v concerning the number of.htm

Thesaurus
Subsistence (2 Occurrences)
... Noah Webster's Dictionary 1. (n.) That which furnishes support to life; means of
support; livelihood; as, a meager subsistence. ...Subsistence (2 Occurrences). ...
/s/subsistence.htm - 7k

Person (807 Occurrences)
... English translation, 244), "to be there and ready," and intimates the existing
circumstances, disposition of mind, or, as here, mode of subsistence in which ...
/p/person.htm - 49k

Sabbatical (1 Occurrence)
... intended for the relief of the poor and for the awakening of a sense of responsibility
in the hearts of those better provided with the means of subsistence. ...
/s/sabbatical.htm - 16k

Trinity
... there is one only and true God, but in the unity of the Godhead there are three
coeternal and coequal Persons, the same in substance but distinct in subsistence...
/t/trinity.htm - 39k

Subsist (10 Occurrences)

/s/subsist.htm - 9k

Year (4027 Occurrences)
... intended for the relief of the poor and for the awakening of a sense of responsibility
in the hearts of those better provided with the means of subsistence. ...
/y/year.htm - 26k

Victual (6 Occurrences)
... 3. (vt) To supply with provisions for subsistence; to provide with food; to store
with sustenance; as, to victual an army; to victual a ship. ...
/v/victual.htm - 8k

Need (914 Occurrences)
... something; necessity; urgent want. 2. (n.) Want of the means of subsistence;
poverty; indigence; destitution. 3. (n.) That which ...
/n/need.htm - 7k

Living (3112 Occurrences)
... 3. (n.) Manner of life; as, riotous living; penurious living; earnest
living. 4. (n.) Means of subsistence; sustenance; estate. ...
/l/living.htm - 18k

Livelihood (3 Occurrences)
... 1. (n.) Means of subsistence or living; as, to earn a livelihood; as dependent
on some means of support; support of life; maintenance. ...
/l/livelihood.htm - 7k

Resources
What is the Oriental Orthodox Church? | GotQuestions.org

Why did Lamech think Noah would bring comfort (Genesis 5:29)? | GotQuestions.org

What is the doctrine of eternal generation and is it biblical? | GotQuestions.org

Subsistence: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

Bible ConcordanceBible DictionaryBible EncyclopediaTopical BibleBible Thesuarus
Concordance
Subsistence (2 Occurrences)

Hebrews 1:3
who being the brightness of the glory, and the impress of His subsistence, bearing up also the all things by the saying of his might -- through himself having made a cleansing of our sins, sat down at the right hand of the greatness in the highest,
(YLT)

2 Peter 3:5
For this is hidden from them through their own wilfulness, that heavens were of old, and an earth, having its subsistence out of water and in water, by the word of God,
(DBY)

Subtopics

Subsistence

Related Terms

Trinity

Rapine (5 Occurrences)

Rapacious (3 Occurrences)

Esteem (25 Occurrences)

Calneh (2 Occurrences)

Contribution (24 Occurrences)

Anthropomorphism

Aramaic (12 Occurrences)

Subsistence (2 Occurrences)

Subsists (2 Occurrences)

Object (76 Occurrences)

Language (112 Occurrences)

Person (807 Occurrences)

Elisha (70 Occurrences)

Logos

Judah (802 Occurrences)

Kingdom (409 Occurrences)

Christ (573 Occurrences)

Subsist
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