Jump to: Hitchcock's • Smith's • ATS • ISBE • Concordance • Thesaurus • Hebrew • Library • Subtopics • Terms Topical Encyclopedia Shalmaneser is a name associated with several Assyrian kings mentioned in the Bible, most notably Shalmaneser V, who played a significant role in the history of Israel during the 8th century BC. The name "Shalmaneser" is derived from the Akkadian "Šulmanu-ašarid," meaning "Šulmanu is pre-eminent," with Šulmanu being an Assyrian deity.Shalmaneser III (858–824 BC) Although not directly mentioned in the Bible, Shalmaneser III is known from Assyrian records and is significant for his military campaigns in the Levant. His reign is marked by the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BC, where he faced a coalition of Syrian and Levantine kings, including Ahab of Israel. This battle is not recorded in the biblical text but is crucial for understanding the geopolitical landscape of the region during this period. Shalmaneser V (727–722 BC) Shalmaneser V is the most prominent Shalmaneser in the biblical narrative. He was the son of Tiglath-Pileser III and succeeded him as king of Assyria. His reign is noted for the conquest of the Northern Kingdom of Israel and the subsequent exile of the Israelites, a pivotal event in biblical history. In 2 Kings 17:3-6 , we read about Shalmaneser's campaign against Israel: "Shalmaneser king of Assyria attacked him, and Hoshea became his vassal and paid him tribute. But the king of Assyria discovered that Hoshea had conspired, sending envoys to So king of Egypt, and he had not paid tribute to the king of Assyria as in previous years. Therefore, the king of Assyria arrested him and put him in prison. Then the king of Assyria invaded the entire land, marched up to Samaria, and besieged it for three years. In the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of Assyria captured Samaria and deported the Israelites to Assyria." This passage highlights the political intrigue and shifting alliances of the time, with Hoshea, the last king of Israel, attempting to ally with Egypt against Assyria. Shalmaneser's response was swift and decisive, leading to the fall of Samaria in 722 BC and the deportation of the Israelites, an event often referred to as the Assyrian Captivity. Historical and Theological Significance The actions of Shalmaneser V had profound implications for the history of Israel. The fall of Samaria marked the end of the Northern Kingdom and the dispersion of the ten tribes, often referred to as the "Lost Tribes of Israel." This event fulfilled the warnings of the prophets regarding the consequences of Israel's idolatry and disobedience to God. Theologically, the Assyrian conquest is seen as a divine judgment against Israel for its persistent sin and rebellion. The prophets, such as Hosea and Amos, had long warned of impending doom if the nation did not repent and return to the covenant with Yahweh. Shalmaneser's campaign is thus viewed within the biblical narrative as an instrument of God's justice. Shalmaneser in Later Tradition In later Jewish and Christian tradition, Shalmaneser is often remembered as a symbol of the oppressive foreign powers that God used to discipline His people. His role in the biblical narrative serves as a reminder of the sovereignty of God over the nations and the importance of faithfulness to His commandments. Shalmaneser's interactions with Israel are a testament to the complex interplay of politics, faith, and divine providence that characterizes much of the biblical historical narrative. His legacy, as recorded in the Bible, underscores the themes of judgment and redemption that are central to the biblical message. Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary Shalmaneserpeace; tied; chained; perfection; retribution Smith's Bible Dictionary Shalmaneser(fire-worshipper) was the Assyrian king who reigned probably between Tiglath-Pileser and Sargon, B.C. 727-722. He led the forces of Assyria into Palestine, where Hoshea, the last king of Israel, had revolted against his authority. (2 Kings 17:3) Hoshea submitted and consented to pay tribute; but he soon after concluded all alliance with the king of Egypt, and withheld his tribute in consequence. In B.C. 723 Shalmaneser invaded Palestine for the second time, and, as Hoshea refused to submit, laid siege to Samaria. The siege lasted to the third year, B.C. 721, when the Assyrian arms prevailed. (2 Kings 17:4-6; 18:9-11) It is uncertain whether Shalmaneser conducted the siege to its close, or whether he did not lose his crown to Sargon before the city was taken. ATS Bible Dictionary ShalmaneserKing of Assyria between Tiglath-pileser and Sennacherib. He ascended the throne about B. C. 728, and reigned fourteen years. Scripture reports that he came into Palestine, subdued Samaria, and obliged Hoshea to pay him tribute; but in the third year, being weary of this exaction, Hoshea combined secretly with So, King of Egypt to remove the subjection. Shalmaneser brought an army against him, ravaged Samaria, besieged Hoshea in his capital, and notwithstanding his long resistance of three years, 2 Kings 17:1-40; 18:9-12, he took the city and dismantled it, put Hoshea into bonds, and dismantled it, put Hoshea into bonds, and carried away most of the people beyond the Euphrates. He thus ruined the kingdom of Samaria, which had subsisted two hundred and fifty-four years, from B. C. 975 to 721. The bas- relief copied in the next page was found on a fine Assyrian obelisk of black marble, six and a half feet high, and covered on all sides with inscriptions. It was discovered in the ruins of the northwest palace at Nimroud, and is believed from various evidences to represent Shalmaneser receiving tribute from the Jews subdued by his arms. Hezekiah king of Judah successfully resisted him, 2 Kings 18:7: but he appears to have ravaged Moab, Isaiah 10:9,15,16,23; and is said in Josephus to have conquered Phoenicia, with the exception of insular Tyre, which he besieged in vain for five years. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia SHALMANESERshal-ma-ne'-zer (shalman'ecer; Septuagint Samennasar, Salmandsar): The name of several Assyrian kings. See ASSYRIA; CAPTIVITY. It is Shalmaneser IV who is mentioned in the Biblical history (2 Kings 17:3; 2 Kings 18:9). He succeeded Tiglathpileser on the throne in 727 B.C., but whether he was a son of his predecessor, or a usurper, is not apparent. His reign was short, and, as no annals of it have come to light, we have only the accounts contained in 2 Kings for his history. In the passages referred to above, we learn that Hoshea, king of Israel, who had become his vassal, refused to continue the payment of tribute, relying upon help from So, king of Egypt. No help, however, came from Egypt, and Hoshea had to face the chastising forces of his suzerain with his own unaided resources, the result being that he was taken prisoner outside Samaria and most likely carried away to Nineveh. The Biblical narrative goes on to say that the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land, and went up to Samaria and besieged it 3 years. There is reason to believe that, as the siege of Samaria was proceeding, Shalmaneser retired to Nineveh and died, for, when the city was taken in 722 B.C., it is Sargon who claims, in his copious annals, to have captured it and carried its inhabitants into captivity. It is just possible that Shalman (Hosea 10:14) is a contraction for Shalmaneser, but the identity of Shalman and of Beth-arbel named in the same passage is not sufficiently made out. Strong's Hebrew 8022. Shalmaneser -- a king of Assyr.... 8021, 8022. Shalmaneser. 8023 . a king of Assyr. Transliteration: Shalmaneser Phonetic Spelling: (shal-man-eh'-ser) Short Definition: Shalmaneser. ... /hebrew/8022.htm - 6k Library How Shalmaneser Took Samaria by Force and How He Transplanted the ... How Pekah Died by the Treachery of Hoshea who was a Little after ... History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 7 The Christian View of the Old Testament Nineveh. Appendices The Prophet Hosea. Babylonia and Assyria The Antiquities of the Jews The Woman of Samaria Thesaurus Shalmaneser (3 Occurrences)... Int. Standard Bible Encyclopedia SHALMANESER. shal-ma-ne'-zer (shalman'ecer; Septuagint Samennasar, Salmandsar): The name of several Assyrian kings. ... /s/shalmaneser.htm - 9k Shalmaneser's (1 Occurrence) Shalman (1 Occurrence) So (23977 Occurrences) Captivity (141 Occurrences) Armenia (2 Occurrences) Shalmane'ser (2 Occurrences) Benhadad (24 Occurrences) Ahab (85 Occurrences) Tobit Resources When and how was Israel conquered by the Assyrians? | GotQuestions.orgWho was King Hoshea in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org Who was King Pekah in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org Bible Concordance • Bible Dictionary • Bible Encyclopedia • Topical Bible • Bible Thesuarus Concordance Shalmaneser (3 Occurrences)2 Kings 17:3 2 Kings 17:4 2 Kings 18:9 Subtopics Shalmaneser: Overthrows the Kingdom of Israel Related Terms |
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