The Seventy Sons of Jerubbaal refer to the offspring of Gideon, also known as Jerubbaal, a prominent judge of Israel. Gideon is a central figure in the Book of Judges, renowned for his leadership in delivering Israel from the oppression of the Midianites. The account of his sons is primarily found in Judges 8 and 9.

Biblical Context

Gideon, after his military victories and the subsequent peace he brought to Israel, had many wives, which was not uncommon for leaders of his time. Judges 8:30-31 states, "Gideon had seventy sons of his own, for he had many wives. His concubine who lived in Shechem also bore him a son, and he named him Abimelech." This passage highlights the large family Gideon had, which was a sign of wealth and status in ancient Israelite society.

Abimelech's Ambition

The narrative of the seventy sons is closely tied to the account of Abimelech, the son of Gideon by his concubine in Shechem. Abimelech's ambition and subsequent actions are pivotal in understanding the fate of his brothers. In Judges 9, Abimelech conspires to become king by eliminating his potential rivals—his seventy brothers. Judges 9:5 recounts, "He went to his father’s house in Ophrah and killed his brothers, the seventy sons of Jerubbaal, on one stone. But Jotham, the youngest son of Jerubbaal, survived, because he hid himself."

Jotham's Parable

Jotham, the sole surviving son, plays a crucial role in the narrative by delivering a parable from Mount Gerizim. This parable, found in Judges 9:7-21, serves as a prophetic warning against Abimelech's tyranny and the Shechemites' complicity. Jotham's speech is a poignant reminder of the consequences of fratricide and the rejection of righteous leadership.

Theological Implications

The account of the seventy sons of Jerubbaal underscores several theological themes. Firstly, it highlights the dangers of polygamy and the familial discord it can sow, as seen in the rivalry and eventual massacre orchestrated by Abimelech. Secondly, it serves as a cautionary tale about the lust for power and the moral decay that can accompany it. Abimelech's actions are a stark contrast to the humility and faithfulness exhibited by his father, Gideon.

Furthermore, the narrative illustrates the principle of divine justice. Abimelech's violent rise to power ultimately leads to his downfall, fulfilling Jotham's curse. Judges 9:56-57 concludes, "In this way God repaid the wickedness that Abimelech had done to his father by murdering his seventy brothers. God also brought all the wickedness of the men of Shechem back upon their heads, and upon them came the curse of Jotham son of Jerubbaal."

Historical and Cultural Insights

The account of the seventy sons provides insight into the social and political dynamics of ancient Israel. The practice of polygamy among leaders, the role of concubines, and the significance of familial alliances are all evident in this narrative. Additionally, the account reflects the tribal and regional tensions of the period, as seen in the alliance between Abimelech and the Shechemites.

In summary, the seventy sons of Jerubbaal represent a significant episode in the history of Israel during the time of the judges. Their account, intertwined with themes of ambition, betrayal, and divine retribution, offers valuable lessons on leadership, justice, and the consequences of sin.