The role of the anointed priest in the Bible is a significant aspect of the religious and communal life of ancient Israel. The anointed priest, often referred to as the high priest, held a position of spiritual leadership and was responsible for performing sacred duties as outlined in the Mosaic Law. This role is primarily detailed in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers.

Anointing and Consecration

The anointing of the priest was a ceremonial act that set him apart for service to God. This process is described in Exodus 29 and Leviticus 8, where Aaron and his sons were consecrated as priests. The anointing oil, a sacred mixture, was poured on the head of the high priest, symbolizing the Holy Spirit's empowerment and the priest's dedication to God. Exodus 29:7 states, "Take the anointing oil and anoint him by pouring it on his head."

Mediatorial Role

The anointed priest served as a mediator between God and the people of Israel. This role is exemplified in the Day of Atonement rituals, where the high priest would enter the Holy of Holies to make atonement for the sins of the nation (Leviticus 16). The priest's intercessory function is highlighted in Hebrews 5:1 , "Every high priest is appointed from among men to represent them in matters relating to God, to offer gifts and sacrifices for sins."

Sacrificial Duties

Central to the priest's role was the offering of sacrifices. The priest was responsible for presenting various offerings, including burnt offerings, sin offerings, and peace offerings, as prescribed in Leviticus. These sacrifices were essential for maintaining the covenant relationship between God and Israel. Leviticus 9:7 records, "Then Moses said to Aaron, 'Approach the altar and sacrifice your sin offering and your burnt offering to make atonement for yourself and the people.'"

Teaching and Judging

The anointed priest also had the duty of teaching the Law to the people and serving as a judge in legal and ceremonial matters. This educational role is emphasized in Leviticus 10:11 , "You must teach the Israelites all the statutes that the LORD has given them through Moses." The priest's authority in legal matters is further illustrated in Deuteronomy 17:9-11, where the priest is consulted in difficult cases.

Symbol of Holiness

The high priest's garments, described in Exodus 28, were rich in symbolism and served as a constant reminder of the holiness required of those who approached God. The breastplate, ephod, robe, and turban were not only for beauty but also for glory, signifying the priest's role in bearing the names of the tribes of Israel before the Lord.

Continuity and Fulfillment

The role of the anointed priest finds its ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ, who is described as the Great High Priest in the New Testament. Hebrews 4:14 declares, "Therefore, since we have a great high priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold firmly to what we profess." Christ's priesthood is eternal and perfect, offering a once-for-all sacrifice for sin, thus fulfilling the typology of the Old Testament priesthood.

The anointed priest in the Old Testament served as a vital link between God and His people, embodying the principles of mediation, sacrifice, and holiness that are ultimately realized in the person and work of Jesus Christ.