Rehum the Commander is a biblical figure mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically in the Book of Ezra. He is identified as a significant adversary to the Jewish people during the period of their return from Babylonian exile and the subsequent efforts to rebuild Jerusalem and its temple.

Biblical References:

Rehum is prominently mentioned in Ezra 4:8-24. In this passage, he is described as a key official in the Persian administration, holding the title of "commander." The Berean Standard Bible refers to him as "Rehum the commander," indicating his authoritative position within the regional governance structure under Persian rule.

Role and Actions:

Rehum's primary role in the biblical narrative is as an antagonist to the Jewish exiles who had returned to Jerusalem. Along with Shimshai the scribe and other associates, Rehum wrote a letter to King Artaxerxes of Persia, expressing opposition to the rebuilding efforts of the Jewish people. The letter, recorded in Ezra 4:11-16, accuses the Jews of planning to rebuild the rebellious and wicked city of Jerusalem, suggesting that such actions would lead to a loss of royal revenue and control over the region.

The letter's content reflects the political and social tensions of the time, as local leaders like Rehum sought to maintain their influence and prevent the re-establishment of a strong Jewish presence in Jerusalem. The letter's accusations were successful in halting the construction work temporarily, as King Artaxerxes issued a decree to stop the rebuilding efforts until further notice (Ezra 4:17-22).

Historical and Theological Context:

Rehum's actions must be understood within the broader context of the Persian Empire's administrative practices and the complex dynamics of local governance. The Persian Empire, known for its relatively tolerant approach to the diverse cultures within its vast territories, allowed a degree of local autonomy. However, local officials like Rehum often had vested interests in maintaining the status quo and could exploit the empire's bureaucratic processes to serve their purposes.

From a theological perspective, Rehum's opposition is seen as part of the recurring theme of resistance faced by God's people throughout biblical history. The narrative underscores the challenges and opposition that the Jewish community encountered in fulfilling God's command to rebuild the temple and restore worship in Jerusalem. Despite such opposition, the biblical account ultimately emphasizes God's sovereignty and faithfulness in ensuring the completion of His purposes, as the rebuilding efforts eventually resumed and were brought to fruition under the leadership of figures like Zerubbabel and Ezra.

Legacy:

Rehum the Commander serves as a reminder of the external challenges and adversities that God's people have historically faced. His actions, while obstructive, are part of the larger divine narrative that showcases God's providential care and the perseverance of His people in the face of opposition.