The role of priests in Jerusalem is a significant aspect of biblical history and theology, deeply rooted in the Old Testament and extending into the New Testament. Priests served as mediators between God and the people of Israel, performing sacrifices, maintaining the temple, and teaching the Law.

Old Testament Background

The priesthood was established by God through Moses, with Aaron and his descendants set apart for this sacred duty (Exodus 28:1). The tribe of Levi was chosen to assist the priests, and they were given no inheritance in the land, as their inheritance was the Lord Himself (Numbers 18:20-24). The primary function of the priests was to offer sacrifices and maintain the rituals prescribed in the Law of Moses. They were responsible for the daily offerings, the annual feasts, and the Day of Atonement, where the high priest would enter the Holy of Holies to make atonement for the people (Leviticus 16).

The Temple in Jerusalem

The central place of worship for the Israelites was the temple in Jerusalem, originally built by King Solomon (1 Kings 6). The temple was the focal point of religious life, and the priests played a crucial role in its operation. They were tasked with maintaining the sanctity of the temple, ensuring that the rituals were performed correctly, and teaching the people the statutes of the Lord (2 Chronicles 15:3).

Priestly Garments and Duties

Priests wore specific garments as described in Exodus 28, which included the ephod, breastplate, robe, tunic, turban, and sash. These garments were not only for glory and beauty but also symbolized the holiness required of those who served before God. The high priest had additional garments, such as the Urim and Thummim, used for discerning God's will (Exodus 28:30).

The Levitical Priesthood

The Levitical priesthood was hereditary, passed down through the line of Aaron. The priests were divided into 24 divisions, each serving in the temple at appointed times (1 Chronicles 24). This system ensured that the temple was continually staffed and that the worship of God was maintained without interruption.

Prophetic Critique and Reforms

Throughout Israel's history, the prophets often critiqued the priests for failing in their duties. Malachi, for example, rebuked the priests for offering blemished sacrifices and not honoring God's name (Malachi 1:6-14). Reforms were occasionally instituted, such as those by King Josiah, who restored proper worship and removed idolatrous practices (2 Kings 23).

New Testament Context

In the New Testament, the role of the priesthood is transformed with the coming of Jesus Christ, who is described as the Great High Priest (Hebrews 4:14). Jesus' sacrifice on the cross fulfilled the sacrificial system, rendering the old priesthood obsolete. The veil of the temple was torn at His death, symbolizing direct access to God for all believers (Matthew 27:51).

The early church recognized a new priesthood of all believers, as Peter writes, "But you are a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God’s own possession" (1 Peter 2:9). This new understanding emphasized the believer's direct relationship with God through Christ, without the need for an earthly mediator.

Conclusion

The priests in Jerusalem played a vital role in the religious life of Israel, serving as intermediaries between God and His people. Their duties, garments, and the temple rituals they performed were central to the worship and spiritual life of the nation. With the advent of Christ, the priesthood was redefined, emphasizing the believer's direct access to God through the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ.