The Pass of Adummim is a significant geographical location mentioned in the Bible, primarily noted for its strategic and historical importance. The name "Adummim" is derived from the Hebrew word "אֲדֻמִּים" (Adummim), which means "red" or "bloody," possibly referring to the red-colored rocks in the area or the bloodshed that may have occurred there historically.

Biblical References:

The Pass of Adummim is mentioned in the context of the boundary descriptions of the tribal allotments in the Book of Joshua. In Joshua 15:7 , it is described as part of the border of the tribe of Judah: "Then the border went up to Debir from the Valley of Achor and turned northward to Gilgal, which is opposite the Pass of Adummim south of the valley. The border continued to the waters of En-shemesh and came out at En-rogel."

Similarly, in Joshua 18:17 , the Pass of Adummim is referenced in the delineation of the territory of the tribe of Benjamin: "It extended from there and went around on the north to En-shemesh and continued to Geliloth, which is opposite the Pass of Adummim, and descended to the Stone of Bohan son of Reuben."

Geographical and Historical Context:

The Pass of Adummim is located on the road from Jericho to Jerusalem, a route that has been historically significant for trade and travel. This road, often referred to as the "Ascent of Adummim," traverses a rugged and arid landscape, making it a challenging passage in ancient times. The pass is situated in the Judean Desert, an area characterized by its stark and dramatic terrain.

The strategic location of the Pass of Adummim made it a critical point of control for access between the Jordan Valley and the central hill country of Judea. Its mention in the context of tribal boundaries underscores its importance in defining territorial limits and access routes in the ancient land of Israel.

Cultural and Theological Significance:

The Pass of Adummim holds cultural and theological significance as it is traditionally associated with the setting of the Parable of the Good Samaritan, as recounted in the New Testament (Luke 10:30-37). Although the parable does not explicitly name the pass, the road from Jerusalem to Jericho is the backdrop for the account, highlighting the dangers travelers faced and the need for compassion and neighborly love.

The association with the parable adds a layer of moral and ethical teaching to the historical and geographical significance of the Pass of Adummim, emphasizing themes of mercy, kindness, and the breaking down of social barriers.

Archaeological Insights:

Archaeological studies in the region have uncovered remnants of ancient roads and fortifications, suggesting the area's long-standing importance as a travel route. The presence of watchtowers and other defensive structures indicates efforts to protect travelers from bandits and other threats, corroborating the perilous nature of the journey depicted in biblical narratives.

In summary, the Pass of Adummim is a location rich in biblical history and cultural significance, serving as a testament to the complex interplay of geography, history, and theology in the biblical narrative.