Zaretan, also spelled Zarethan, is a city mentioned in the Old Testament, notable for its association with several significant biblical events. The exact location of Zaretan remains uncertain, though it is generally believed to have been situated in the Jordan Valley, near the Jordan River.

Biblical References:

1. Joshua 3:16 · Zaretan is mentioned in the context of the miraculous crossing of the Jordan River by the Israelites. As the priests carrying the Ark of the Covenant stepped into the river, the waters were miraculously stopped, allowing the people to cross on dry ground. The text states, "The waters flowing downstream stood still, rising up in a heap very far away at Adam, the city beside Zarethan." This indicates that Zaretan was near the city of Adam, contributing to the understanding of its geographical context.

2. 1 Kings 4:12 · In the description of Solomon's administrative districts, Zaretan is mentioned as part of the region governed by one of Solomon's officials. The verse reads, "Baana son of Ahilud, in Taanach, Megiddo, and all Beth-shean next to Zarethan below Jezreel, from Beth-shean to Abel-meholah, as far as beyond Jokmeam." This suggests that Zaretan was located in a fertile and strategically important area.

3. 1 Kings 7:46 · Zaretan is also noted in the account of Solomon's construction projects. The bronze castings for the temple were made in the plain of the Jordan between Succoth and Zarethan. The verse states, "The king had them cast in clay molds in the plain of the Jordan between Succoth and Zarethan." This indicates that Zaretan was a site of industrial activity during Solomon's reign.

Historical and Geographical Considerations:

The precise location of Zaretan has been a subject of scholarly debate. Some propose that it may have been located near the modern site of Tell es-Saidiyeh, while others suggest it could be closer to the area of Tell ed-Damiyeh. The references to Zaretan in conjunction with other known locations such as Adam, Succoth, and Beth-shean provide clues, yet the exact site remains elusive.

Cultural and Theological Significance:

Zaretan's mention in the context of the Jordan River crossing highlights its role in the narrative of Israel's entry into the Promised Land, a pivotal moment in biblical history. The city's association with Solomon's administrative and construction activities underscores its importance during the united monarchy of Israel. Theologically, Zaretan serves as a backdrop to God's miraculous intervention and the fulfillment of His promises to the Israelites.

In summary, while the precise location of Zaretan remains uncertain, its biblical mentions provide valuable insights into the historical and theological landscape of ancient Israel.Joshua 3:16
That the waters which came down from above stood and rose up on an heap very far from the city Adam, that is beside Zaretan: and those that came down toward the sea of the plain, even the salt sea, failed, and were cut off: and the people passed over right against Jericho.
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1 Kings 4:12
Baana the son of Ahilud; to him pertained Taanach and Megiddo, and all Bethshean, which is by Zartanah beneath Jezreel, from Bethshean to Abelmeholah, even to the place that is beyond Jokneam:
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1 Kings 7:46
In the plain of Jordan did the king cast them, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zarthan.
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