Ethanim, known as the seventh month in the Hebrew calendar, holds significant importance in the biblical narrative, particularly in the context of the post-exilic period. This month, corresponding to parts of September and October in the Gregorian calendar, is marked by the restoration of the altar and the resumption of sacrifices by the Israelites who returned from the Babylonian captivity.

Biblical Context

The name "Ethanim" is mentioned in 1 Kings 8:2, where it is noted as the month during which Solomon's Temple was dedicated. However, its significance is further highlighted in the post-exilic period, as recorded in the book of Ezra. After the decree of Cyrus allowed the Jewish exiles to return to Jerusalem, the restoration of worship practices became a priority for the returning community.

Restoration of the Altar

Ezra 3:1-6 provides a detailed account of the events that took place in the month of Ethanim, also known as Tishri. The passage describes how the people gathered as one in Jerusalem to reinstate the sacrificial system. The text states:

"When the seventh month arrived and the Israelites had settled in their towns, the people assembled as one man in Jerusalem. Then Jeshua son of Jozadak and his fellow priests, along with Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and his associates, began to build the altar of the God of Israel to offer burnt offerings on it, as it is written in the Law of Moses the man of God." (Ezra 3:1-2)

This act of rebuilding the altar was a profound expression of the community's commitment to reestablishing their covenant relationship with God. Despite the surrounding nations and potential threats, the Israelites prioritized the restoration of worship, demonstrating their reliance on divine protection and guidance.

Significance of the Seventh Month

The seventh month, Ethanim, is laden with religious observances, including the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement, and the Feast of Tabernacles. These festivals are integral to the Jewish liturgical calendar and underscore themes of repentance, atonement, and divine provision. The restoration of the altar in this month symbolically aligned the returning exiles with their ancestral traditions and the ordinances given by God.

Ezra 3:4-6 further elaborates on the observance of these feasts:

"They also celebrated the Feast of Tabernacles in accordance with what is written, and offered the prescribed number of burnt offerings daily, according to the ordinance for each day. After that, they presented the regular burnt offerings, the New Moon sacrifices, and the sacrifices for all the appointed sacred feasts of the LORD, as well as the freewill offerings brought to the LORD." (Ezra 3:4-5)

Theological Implications

The restoration of the altar in Ethanim after the captivity is a testament to God's faithfulness and the resilience of His people. It signifies a renewal of worship and a return to the foundational practices that defined Israel's identity as a nation chosen by God. The rebuilding of the altar and the resumption of sacrifices were not merely ritualistic acts but were deeply rooted in the desire to honor God and seek His favor as the community rebuilt their lives and their city.

In summary, Ethanim serves as a pivotal moment in the history of Israel, marking the restoration of worship and the reaffirmation of the covenant relationship between God and His people. The events of this month highlight the enduring significance of faith, obedience, and communal unity in the face of adversity.Ezra 3:1,6
And when the seventh month was come, and the children of Israel were in the cities, the people gathered themselves together as one man to Jerusalem.
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