Calamus, often referred to in biblical texts, is a fragrant plant known for its aromatic properties. It is mentioned in the context of trade and commerce, particularly in the ancient Near East, where it was highly valued for its use in perfumes and sacred anointing oils.

Biblical References:

Calamus is specifically mentioned in the context of the sacred anointing oil in Exodus 30:23-25 : "Take the finest spices: 500 shekels of liquid myrrh, half as much (250 shekels) of fragrant cinnamon, 250 shekels of fragrant calamus, 500 shekels of cassia—all according to the sanctuary shekel—and a hin of olive oil. Prepare from these a holy anointing oil, a fragrant blend, the work of a perfumer; it will be a holy anointing oil."

This passage highlights the importance of calamus as a key ingredient in the holy anointing oil, underscoring its value and significance in religious rituals. The precise measurement and inclusion in the sacred formula indicate its esteemed status.

Historical and Cultural Context:

In the ancient world, calamus was a sought-after commodity, often traded along with other precious spices and goods. Its aromatic qualities made it a desirable item in the markets of the Near East. The trade routes that connected regions such as Egypt, Arabia, and India facilitated the exchange of calamus, among other spices, contributing to the wealth and cultural exchanges of these civilizations.

The mention of calamus in Ezekiel 27:19 further illustrates its role in commerce: "Vedan and Javan from Uzal traded for your wares; wrought iron, cassia, and calamus were bartered for your merchandise." This passage, part of a lament over the fall of Tyre, a major trading hub, lists calamus among the valuable goods exchanged, highlighting its economic significance.

Symbolism and Use:

Calamus, with its sweet fragrance, symbolizes purity and sanctity, fitting for its use in the anointing oil. The oil itself was used to consecrate priests, the tabernacle, and its furnishings, setting them apart for divine service. The inclusion of calamus in this sacred mixture underscores its role in the spiritual life of Israel, serving as a physical representation of holiness and dedication to God.

Conclusion:

The commerce of calamus in biblical times reflects its high value and widespread use in both religious and secular contexts. Its presence in the sacred anointing oil and its mention in trade lists demonstrate its importance in the ancient economy and religious practices. The biblical portrayal of calamus as a precious and fragrant commodity offers insight into the cultural and spiritual life of the ancient Near East.Jeremiah 6:20
To what purpose comes there to me incense from Sheba, and the sweet cane from a far country? your burnt offerings are not acceptable, nor your sacrifices sweet to me.
Nave's Topical Index

Ezekiel 27:19
Dan also and Javan going to and fro occupied in your fairs: bright iron, cassia, and calamus, were in your market.
Nave's Topical Index

Chaldaean Civilization
... Royalty"The constitution of the family and its property"Chaldaean commerce and industry. ...
plied in Chaldaea no less assiduously than was the calamus in Egypt ...
/.../chapter iiichaldaean civilization.htm

The Unjust Steward - Dives and Lazarus - Jewish Agricultural Notes ...
... Et, which means probably not only a stylus but also a calamus (Psalm 45:2 ... sufficient
reason for believing that bills' were first introduced into commerce by the ...
/.../the life and times of jesus the messiah/chapter xviii the unjust steward.htm

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