Topical Encyclopedia Artaxerxes, a name borne by several Persian kings, is most notably associated with Artaxerxes I Longimanus, who reigned from 465 to 424 BC. He is a significant figure in the biblical narrative, particularly in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah, where he is depicted as a ruler who played a pivotal role in the restoration of Jerusalem and the Jewish community after the Babylonian exile.Historical Context Artaxerxes I was the son of Xerxes I and Amestris. His reign is marked by relative stability and efforts to consolidate the vast Persian Empire. The period of his rule is crucial for understanding the post-exilic phase of Jewish history, as it was under his authority that key events concerning the Jewish return to Jerusalem and the rebuilding of the city and its walls took place. Biblical References 1. Ezra's Mission: Artaxerxes is mentioned in the book of Ezra as the king who issued a decree allowing Ezra, a scribe and priest, to lead a group of exiles back to Jerusalem. Ezra was tasked with teaching the laws of God and ensuring their observance among the people. The king's support is evident in Ezra 7:11-26, where Artaxerxes provides Ezra with a letter granting him authority and resources for his mission. The text states, "Artaxerxes, king of kings, to Ezra the priest, a scribe of the Law of the God of heaven: Greetings" (Ezra 7:12). 2. Nehemiah's Commission: Nehemiah, a cupbearer to Artaxerxes, is another key figure associated with the king. In the book of Nehemiah, Nehemiah receives permission from Artaxerxes to return to Jerusalem to rebuild its walls, which had been in ruins. The king's favor is crucial for Nehemiah's success, as seen in Nehemiah 2:1-8. Nehemiah records, "And the king granted me what I had asked, for the good hand of my God was upon me" (Nehemiah 2:8). 3. Opposition and Support: Artaxerxes' reign also saw opposition to the rebuilding efforts in Jerusalem. In Ezra 4:7-23, adversaries of the Jews wrote to Artaxerxes, accusing the inhabitants of Jerusalem of rebellion. The king initially halted the work, but later, under the influence of divine providence and further petitions, he allowed the reconstruction to continue. Theological Significance From a theological perspective, Artaxerxes' interactions with the Jewish leaders highlight the sovereignty of God in using foreign rulers to accomplish His purposes. Despite being a pagan king, Artaxerxes' decrees and support were instrumental in the fulfillment of God's promises to restore His people and their land. His reign is a testament to the belief that God can work through any ruler to bring about His divine plan. Cultural and Political Influence Artaxerxes' policies towards the Jews reflect the broader Persian approach to governance, which often allowed subject peoples a degree of autonomy and religious freedom. This policy facilitated the return and religious revival of the Jewish community in Jerusalem, setting the stage for the subsequent developments in Jewish history and the eventual coming of the Messiah. In summary, Artaxerxes' role in the biblical narrative underscores the interplay between divine providence and human agency, illustrating how God orchestrates historical events to fulfill His covenantal promises to His people. Nave's Topical Index Ezra 7:14For as much as you are sent of the king, and of his seven counsellors, to inquire concerning Judah and Jerusalem, according to the law of your God which is in your hand; Nave's Topical Index Library The Last Days of the Old Eastern World The Medes and the Second Chaldaean Empire Resources Islamic antichrist? Will the antichrist be a Muslim? | GotQuestions.orgCabinet: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com Bible Concordance • Bible Dictionary • Bible Encyclopedia • Topical Bible • Bible Thesuarus |
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