Bileam is a town mentioned in the Old Testament, specifically within the context of the tribal allotments of the Promised Land. It is located in the territory assigned to the tribe of Manasseh, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The town is referenced in 1 Chronicles 6:70, where it is listed among the cities given to the Levites, the priestly tribe, from the lands of Manasseh: "And from the half-tribe of Manasseh, they were given Aner and Bileam, together with their pasturelands, for the rest of the Kohathite clans" .

Geographical and Historical Context

Bileam's location is significant as it lies within the region of Manasseh, which was divided into two parts: one on the west side of the Jordan River and the other on the east. The town's exact location is not definitively known today, but it is traditionally associated with the western portion of Manasseh's territory. This area was known for its fertile land and strategic position, which played a crucial role in the agricultural and military aspects of ancient Israelite society.

Tribal and Levitical Significance

The allocation of Bileam to the Levites underscores the town's importance in the religious and cultural life of Israel. The Levites were set apart for religious duties and were not given a contiguous territory like the other tribes. Instead, they were distributed among the tribes to perform their priestly functions and to teach the Law of God. The inclusion of Bileam among the Levitical cities highlights its role in supporting the spiritual leadership and worship practices of the Israelites.

Biblical References and Interpretations

The mention of Bileam in 1 Chronicles 6:70 is part of a broader narrative detailing the distribution of cities to the Levites. This allocation reflects the fulfillment of God's commands regarding the Levites' inheritance, as outlined in the Pentateuch. The Chronicler's account serves to remind the Israelites of their covenantal obligations and the centrality of worship in their communal life.

In the broader biblical narrative, the town of Bileam, like other Levitical cities, symbolizes the integration of worship and daily life. It represents the presence of God among His people and the importance of maintaining a society grounded in divine law and order.

Cultural and Theological Implications

From a theological perspective, Bileam's inclusion as a Levitical city emphasizes the theme of God's provision and faithfulness. The distribution of cities to the Levites, including Bileam, illustrates God's care for those who serve Him and the necessity of supporting religious leaders. It also reflects the broader biblical principle of stewardship, where the land and its resources are seen as gifts from God to be used for His glory and the well-being of His people.

In summary, Bileam serves as a testament to the intricate relationship between land, tribe, and worship in ancient Israel. Its role as a Levitical city within the territory of Manasseh highlights the enduring significance of God's covenant with His people and the centrality of worship in their national identity.1 Chronicles 6:70
And out of the half tribe of Manasseh; Aner with her suburbs, and Bileam with her suburbs, for the family of the remnant of the sons of Kohath.
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