Legitimacy

In the biblical context, legitimacy often pertains to rightful status or recognition, particularly in terms of lineage, inheritance, and leadership. The concept of legitimacy is deeply rooted in the covenantal promises of God, where legitimacy is often established through divine election and adherence to God's laws.

1. Lineage and Inheritance: Legitimacy in terms of lineage is crucial in the Bible, especially concerning the inheritance of promises and blessings. The genealogies in the Bible, such as those found in Genesis and the Gospels, underscore the importance of legitimate descent. For instance, the legitimacy of Jesus as the Messiah is established through His genealogy, tracing His lineage back to David and Abraham (Matthew 1:1-17).

2. Divine Election: Legitimacy is also conferred through divine election. God’s choice of individuals or nations often establishes their legitimate status. For example, God’s selection of Isaac over Ishmael (Genesis 17:19-21) and Jacob over Esau (Romans 9:10-13) highlights the role of divine choice in determining legitimacy.

3. Kingship and Leadership: The legitimacy of kingship in Israel is often tied to divine anointing and covenantal faithfulness. Saul’s loss of legitimacy as king is attributed to his disobedience to God’s commands (1 Samuel 15:26-28), while David’s legitimacy is affirmed through his anointing by Samuel and his heart for God (1 Samuel 16:12-13).

Authority

Authority in the Bible is understood as the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience. It is often seen as derived from God, who is the ultimate source of all authority.

1. Divine Authority: God’s authority is supreme and absolute. He is the Creator and Sustainer of all things, and His authority is evident throughout Scripture. In the Book of Job, God’s authority over creation is powerfully depicted (Job 38-41). The psalmist declares, "The LORD has established His throne in heaven, and His kingdom rules over all" (Psalm 103:19).

2. Jesus’ Authority: The New Testament emphasizes the authority of Jesus Christ. His authority is demonstrated through His teachings, miracles, and ultimately His resurrection. In Matthew 28:18, Jesus declares, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Me" . This authority is foundational for the Great Commission and the mission of the Church.

3. Apostolic Authority: The apostles were granted authority by Christ to teach, heal, and establish the Church. This authority is evident in their writings and actions, as seen in Paul’s letters where he often defends his apostolic authority (2 Corinthians 10:8).

4. Authority in the Church: Authority within the Church is structured through offices such as elders and deacons, who are tasked with shepherding and overseeing the congregation. This authority is to be exercised in accordance with Scripture and under the lordship of Christ (1 Peter 5:1-3).

5. Civil Authority: The Bible also addresses the legitimacy of civil authorities. Romans 13:1-2 instructs believers to submit to governing authorities, recognizing that "there is no authority except that which is from God." This passage underscores the belief that civil authorities are instituted by God for the maintenance of order and justice.

In summary, legitimacy and authority in the Bible are deeply intertwined with divine will and purpose. They are established through God’s sovereign choice, covenantal promises, and the rightful exercise of power in accordance with His commands.