Justice

In the biblical context, justice is a fundamental attribute of God and a key principle in His dealings with humanity. The concept of justice in the Bible encompasses righteousness, fairness, and the moral order established by God. It is both a divine attribute and a human responsibility.

Divine Justice: God's justice is perfect and impartial. It is an expression of His holiness and righteousness. In Deuteronomy 32:4, God is described as "The Rock, His work is perfect, for all His ways are just. A God of faithfulness without injustice, righteous and upright is He." This verse highlights the perfection and consistency of God's justice.

Human Justice: Humans are called to reflect God's justice in their interactions with others. The Bible emphasizes the importance of justice in society, particularly in the treatment of the poor, the widow, the orphan, and the foreigner. Micah 6:8 states, "He has shown you, O man, what is good. And what does the LORD require of you but to act justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?"

Justice in the Law: The Mosaic Law provided a framework for justice among the Israelites. It included laws that ensured fair treatment and protection for all members of society. Leviticus 19:15 instructs, "You must not pervert justice; you must not show partiality to the poor or favoritism to the rich; you are to judge your neighbor fairly."

Justice and the Prophets: The prophets frequently called Israel back to the practice of justice, condemning social injustices and calling for repentance. Isaiah 1:17 urges, "Learn to do right; seek justice, correct the oppressor, defend the fatherless, plead the case of the widow."

Justice in the New Testament: Jesus Christ embodies divine justice and calls His followers to pursue justice. In Matthew 23:23, Jesus rebukes the Pharisees for neglecting "the weightier matters of the law: justice, mercy, and faithfulness." The New Testament continues to emphasize justice as a key aspect of Christian living.

Vengeance

Vengeance, in the biblical sense, refers to the retribution or punishment for wrongdoing. It is distinct from justice in that it often involves personal retaliation rather than the impartial administration of justice.

Divine Vengeance: Vengeance belongs to God alone. Romans 12:19 instructs, "Do not avenge yourselves, beloved, but leave room for God’s wrath. For it is written: 'Vengeance is Mine; I will repay, says the Lord.'" This verse underscores the principle that God is the ultimate judge and avenger of wrongs.

Human Vengeance: The Bible warns against personal vengeance, urging believers to trust in God's justice. Proverbs 20:22 advises, "Do not say, 'I will avenge this evil!' Wait on the LORD, and He will deliver you." This reflects the call to refrain from taking matters into one's own hands.

Vengeance in the Law: The Mosaic Law included provisions for justice and retribution, such as the principle of "an eye for an eye" (Exodus 21:24). However, this was intended to limit excessive punishment and ensure proportional justice, not to encourage personal revenge.

Vengeance and the Prophets: The prophets often spoke of God's vengeance against nations and individuals who opposed His will. Isaiah 61:2 speaks of "the day of vengeance of our God," indicating a time when God would execute judgment.

Vengeance in the New Testament: The New Testament reiterates the call to leave vengeance to God. In 1 Thessalonians 5:15, believers are encouraged to "make sure that no one repays evil for evil, but always pursue what is good for one another and for all people."

In summary, while justice is a divine attribute and a human duty, vengeance is reserved for God alone. Believers are called to pursue justice and leave retribution to the Lord, trusting in His perfect judgment.