Joseph's Egyptian master is identified in the Bible as Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh and captain of the guard. Potiphar plays a significant role in the narrative of Joseph, one of the twelve sons of Jacob, as recorded in the Book of Genesis.

Background and Position:

Potiphar is introduced in Genesis 37:36, where it is noted that the Midianite traders sold Joseph to him in Egypt. His position as "captain of the guard" suggests that he was a high-ranking official, likely responsible for the security of Pharaoh and possibly overseeing the royal prison. This position would have afforded him considerable influence and authority within the Egyptian hierarchy.

Joseph's Service:

Upon entering Potiphar's household, Joseph quickly gained favor due to his diligence and the evident blessing of God upon his work. Genesis 39:2-4 states, "The LORD was with Joseph, and he became a successful man, serving in the household of his Egyptian master. When his master saw that the LORD was with him and made him prosper in all he did, Joseph found favor in his sight and became his personal attendant. Potiphar put him in charge of his household and entrusted him with everything he owned."

Potiphar's trust in Joseph was comprehensive, as he recognized the divine favor upon him. Joseph's management led to the prosperity of Potiphar's estate, highlighting the biblical theme of God's providence and blessing upon His chosen servants.

The Incident with Potiphar's Wife:

The narrative takes a dramatic turn when Potiphar's wife attempts to seduce Joseph. Despite her persistent advances, Joseph remains steadfast in his integrity, refusing to sin against God and betray his master's trust. Genesis 39:9 records Joseph's response: "How then could I do such a wicked thing and sin against God?"

When Joseph ultimately flees from her, leaving his garment behind, Potiphar's wife falsely accuses him of attempted assault. Potiphar's reaction to his wife's accusation is swift; he is angered and has Joseph imprisoned. Genesis 39:19-20 states, "When his master heard the account his wife told him, saying, 'This is how your slave treated me,' he burned with anger. So Joseph’s master took him and put him in the prison where the king’s prisoners were confined."

Potiphar's Character:

While the text does not provide extensive details about Potiphar's character, his actions suggest a man of authority who, despite recognizing Joseph's capabilities and the blessings upon him, is compelled to act upon his wife's accusations. The narrative does not explicitly state whether Potiphar believed his wife's claims or if he acted out of obligation to maintain household honor and authority.

Significance in the Joseph Narrative:

Potiphar's role is pivotal in the unfolding of God's plan for Joseph. His initial favor and subsequent imprisonment of Joseph set the stage for Joseph's rise to power in Egypt. This sequence of events underscores the biblical theme of God's sovereignty and the fulfillment of His purposes, even through human actions and circumstances.

In summary, Potiphar serves as a key figure in the account of Joseph, illustrating themes of trust, integrity, and divine providence. His interactions with Joseph highlight the complexities of human relationships and the overarching narrative of God's redemptive plan.