Introduction

Zephaniah, one of the twelve minor prophets in the Old Testament, is a significant figure whose prophetic ministry is encapsulated in the book bearing his name. His prophecies are primarily concerned with the coming judgment of God upon Judah and the surrounding nations, as well as the eventual restoration and blessing of a remnant. Zephaniah's ministry is set against the backdrop of a spiritually and morally declining Judah, during the reign of King Josiah (640–609 BC), a time marked by both religious reform and political turmoil.

The Book of Zephaniah is structured into three main sections: the impending judgment on Judah and Jerusalem (Zephaniah 1:1–2:3), the judgment on the nations (Zephaniah 2:4–3:8), and the promise of restoration and blessing (Zephaniah 3:9–20). Zephaniah's message is characterized by its vivid imagery and urgent call to repentance, emphasizing the "Day of the LORD" as a central theme—a day of wrath and judgment, yet also a day of hope for those who seek righteousness and humility.

Genealogy

The genealogy of Zephaniah is uniquely detailed among the minor prophets, providing a four-generation lineage that underscores his noble heritage. The opening verse of the book introduces Zephaniah with a genealogical record: "The word of the LORD that came to Zephaniah son of Cushi, the son of Gedaliah, the son of Amariah, the son of Hezekiah, during the reign of Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah" (Zephaniah 1:1).

This genealogy is significant for several reasons:

1. Noble Ancestry: Zephaniah is identified as a descendant of Hezekiah, which is widely understood to refer to King Hezekiah of Judah. This royal connection not only lends authority to Zephaniah's prophetic voice but also situates him within the political and religious landscape of his time. As a member of the royal family, Zephaniah would have had unique insights into the affairs of the kingdom and the spiritual state of the nation.

2. Cultural Context: The mention of Zephaniah's father, Cushi, has led to various interpretations. Some scholars suggest that "Cushi" may indicate Ethiopian descent, as "Cush" is often associated with regions in Africa. However, within the context of the genealogy, it is more likely a personal name rather than an ethnic designation. This highlights the diverse cultural influences present in Judah during this period.

3. Prophetic Authority: By tracing his lineage back to Hezekiah, Zephaniah establishes a credible and authoritative foundation for his prophetic ministry. This connection to a revered king who was known for his faithfulness to God and his efforts to purify worship in Judah reinforces the urgency and legitimacy of Zephaniah's call to repentance and reform.

Zephaniah's genealogy, therefore, not only provides historical context but also enriches the understanding of his prophetic message. His noble lineage, combined with his fervent proclamation of God's impending judgment and promise of restoration, positions Zephaniah as a pivotal figure in the spiritual narrative of Judah.